Utu wheketere SAIC MAXUS T60 C00021134 Pane pōro ringa piu

ariā

Ko te hanganga whakatārewatanga noa he mea tito mai i ngā wāhanga rapa, ngā tikanga ārahi, ngā ārai ru, me ētahi atu, ā, ko ētahi hanganga he poraka ārai, he pae whakaū, me ētahi atu. Ko ngā wāhanga rapa he puna rau, he puna hau, he puna koiri, me ngā puna pae torsion. Ko te nuinga o ngā whakatārewatanga motuka hou he puna koiri me ngā puna pae torsion, ā, ko ētahi motuka papai he puna hau.

Mahi wāhanga:

ārai ru

Mahi: Ko te ātete ru te wāhanga matua e whakaputa ana i te kaha whakamātao. Ko tana mahi he whakaiti tere i te wiri o te motuka, te whakapai ake i te whakamarie o te motuka, me te whakapakari i te piri i waenga i te wira me te whenua. Hei tāpiri, ka taea e te ātete ru te whakaiti i te kawenga hihiri o te wāhanga tinana, te whakaroa i te roa o te mahi a te motuka. Ko te ātete ru e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te motuka ko te ātete ru waipēhi momo rango, ā, ka taea te wehewehe i tōna hanganga ki ngā momo e toru: momo rango takirua, momo pupuhi rango kotahi me te momo pupuhi rango takirua. [2]

Mātāpono mahi: Ina peke te wira ki runga, ki raro, ka hokihoki te piston o te ngongo ru ki roto i te rūma mahi, kia puta ai te wai o te ngongo ru mā roto i te kōhao o te piston, nā te mea he matotoru te wai, ā, ina puta te wai mā roto i te kōhao, ka pā atu ki te pakitara kōhao ka puta he waku i waenganui i a rātou, kia puta ai te kaha nekeneke hei kaha wera ka marara ki te hau, kia tutuki ai te mahi whakaiti i te wiri.

(2) Ngā huānga rapa

Mahi: tautoko i te kawenga poutū, whakamama me te aukati i te wiri me te pānga i puta mai i te mata rori kāore i te ōrite. Ko ngā huānga rapa ko te puna rau, te puna koiri, te puna pae hurihuri, te puna hau me te puna rapa, me ētahi atu.

Mātāpono: He wāhanga i hangaia mai i ngā rauemi he tino ngāwari, ina pāngia te wira e te pānga nui, ka hurihia te pūngao nekeneke hei pūngao pūmanawa ngāwari, ā, ka rongoatia, ka tukuna ina peke te wira ki raro, ina hoki rānei ki te āhua taraiwa taketake.

(3) Tikanga ārahi

Ko te mahi a te pūnaha ārahi he tuku i te kaha me te au, ā, he mahi ārahi anō hoki. I te wā e taraiwa ana te motuka, ka taea te whakahaere i te ara o ngā wira.

pānga

He mea nui te whakatārewatanga i roto i te motuka, e hono ana i te anga ki ngā wira, ā, e pā ana ki ngā mahi rerekē o te motuka. Mai i waho, he mea hanga noa te whakatārewatanga o te motuka i ētahi tokotoko, ngongo me ngā puna, engari kaua e whakaaro he tino māmā. Engari, he uaua ki te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga tino pai te whakatārewatanga o te motuka, nā te mea he mea nui te whakatārewatanga kia tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga whakamarie o te motuka, me tutuki hoki ngā whakaritenga o tōna pumau whakahaere, ā, he rerekē ēnei āhuatanga e rua. Hei tauira, kia pai ai te whakamarie, me tino whakangāwari i te wiri o te motuka, nō reira me hanga te puna kia ngawari ake, engari he ngawari te puna, engari he ngāwari te "piko" o te motuka, te tere "ki runga" me te huri nui ki maui me te matau. Kāore tēnei āhuatanga e pai ki te urungi o te motuka, ā, he ngāwari te kore pumau o te motuka.

whakatārewatanga kore-motuhake

Ko te āhuatanga hanganga o te whakatārewatanga kore-motuhake ko te hononga o ngā wira i ngā taha e rua e te toki whakauru, ā, ko ngā wira me te toki e iri ana i raro i te anga, i te tinana rānei o te waka mā te whakatārewatanga rapa. Ko ngā painga o te whakatārewatanga kore-motuhake ko te hanganga māmā, te utu iti, te kaha teitei, te tiaki ngāwari, me ngā panoni iti ki te whakatakotoranga o ngā wira o mua i te wā e taraiwa ana. Heoi, nā te ngoikore o te whakamarie me te pumau o te whakahaere, kāore e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā motuka hou, e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā taraka me ngā pahi.

Pūnga rau whakatārewatanga kore-motuhake

Ko te puna rau te mea e whakamahia ana hei wāhanga pīngore o te whakatārewatanga kore-motuhake. Nā te mea he arataki anō hoki, ka tino māmā ake te pūnaha whakatārewatanga.

Ka whakamahia e te whakatārewatanga puna rau roa kore-motuhake ngā puna rau hei wāhanga rapa, ā, ka whakaritea ki runga i te motuka kia whakarara ki te tuaka roa o te motuka.

Te mātāpono mahi: Ina oma te motuka i runga i te huarahi koretake, ā, ka pāngia e te kawenga pānga, ka panaia e ngā wira te toki ki runga, ka neke ake hoki te puna rau me te pito o raro o te ngongo ru i te wā kotahi. Ka taea te whakarite i te roa o te pikinga i te nekehanga ki runga o te puna rau mā te toronga o te pū o muri me te kore e pokanoa. Nā te mea kua mau te pito o runga o te ngongo ru, ā, ka neke ake te pito o raro, he rite tonu ki te mahi i roto i te āhua kōpeke, ā, ka whakanuia te whakaiti hei whakaiti i te wiri. Ina nui ake te peke o te toki i te tawhiti i waenga i te poraka ārai me te poraka rohe, ka pa te poraka ārai, ā, ka kōpekehia ki te poraka rohe. [2]

Whakarōpūtanga: Ka taea te wehewehe i te puna rau roa kore-motuhake whakatārewatanga ki te puna rau roa kore-motuhake whakatārewatanga, te whakatārewatanga taurite me te puna rau roa kore-motuhake whakatārewatanga. He whakatārewatanga kore-motuhake me ngā puna rau roa.

1. Puna rau roa kore-taurite te whakatārewatanga kore-motuhake

Ko te whakatārewatanga kore-motuhake o te puna rau roa kore-āhua rite e pā ana ki te whakatārewatanga kāore i te ōrite te tawhiti i waenga i te pokapū o te pūtu āhua-U me te pokapū o ngā lugs i ngā pito e rua ina whakapūmauhia te puna rau roa ki te toki (piriti).

2. Te whakatārewatanga taurite

Ko te whakatārewatanga taurite he whakatārewatanga e whakarite ana kia ōrite tonu te kawenga poutū i runga i ngā wira i runga i te toki hono (toki). Ko te mahi o te whakamahi i te whakatārewatanga taurite ko te whakarite kia pai te pa o ngā wira me te whenua, kia rite te kawenga, ā, kia taea ai e te taraiwa te whakahaere i te ahunga o te motuka, ā, kia rawaka te kaha taraiwa o te motuka.

E ai ki ngā hanganga rerekē, ka taea te wehewehe i te whakatārewatanga taurite kia rua ngā momo: te momo tokotoko pana me te momo ringa pōtakataka.

①Whakatārewatanga taurite tokotoko pana. He mea hanga ki te puna rau kua whakanohoia poutū, ā, ko ōna pito e rua kua whakanohoia ki roto i te tautoko momo pereti reti i te tihi o te ringaringa toki o muri. Ko te wāhanga waenga kua whakapūmauhia ki te anga whārite mā roto i ngā pūtu āhua-U, ā, ka taea te huri huri noa i te pou taurite, ā, ka whakapūmauhia te pou taurite ki te anga waka mā roto i te whāriki. Ko tētahi pito o te tokotoko pana kua whakapūmauhia ki te anga waka, ā, ko tētahi pito kua honoa ki te toki. Ka whakamahia te tokotoko pana hei tuku i te kaha taraiwa, te kaha aukati me te kaha tauhohenga e rite ana.

Ko te kaupapa mahi o te whakatārewatanga taurite tokotoko pana he waka maha-tōka e taraiwa ana i runga i te huarahi koretake. Mena ka whakamahia e ia wira he hanganga pereti maitai noa hei whakatārewatanga, kāore e taea te whakarite kia pa katoa ngā wira ki te whenua, arā, ko ētahi wira e mau ana i te poutū. Ka uaua te taraiwa ki te whakahaere i te ahunga o te haere mena ka puta ki ngā wira urungi te kawenga iti (tae noa ki te kore). Mena ka pa ki ngā wira taraiwa, ka ngaro tetahi (ki te kore katoa) o te kaha taraiwa. Tāutahia te toki waenga me te toki muri o te waka toki-toru ki ngā pito e rua o te pae taurite, ā, ko te wāhanga waenga o te pae taurite ka honoa ki te anga o te waka. Nō reira, kāore e taea e ngā wira o ngā piriti e rua te neke ake, te heke iho rānei. Mena ka totohu tetahi wira ki roto i te poka, ka neke ake tetahi atu wira i raro i te awe o te pae taurite. Nā te mea he rite te roa o ngā ringa o te pae whakaū, he rite tonu te kawenga poutū i runga i ngā wira e rua.

Ka whakamahia te whakatārewatanga taurite tokotoko pana mō te toki o muri o te waka rori-toru 6×6 me te taraka rori-toru 6×4.

②Whakatārewatanga taurite ringa piu. He hanganga puna rau roa te whakatārewatanga waenga-toru. Ka herea te pūmau o muri ki te pito o mua o te ringa piu, ko te pūmau o te ringa piu ka herea ki te anga. Ka honoa te pito o muri o te ringa piu ki te toki o muri (toru) o te motuka.

Ko te mātāpono mahi o te whakatārewatanga taurite ringa piu, ko te taraiwa o te motuka i runga i te rori korekore. Mēnā ka taka te piriti waenga ki roto i te poka, ka tōia te ringa piu ki raro mā te pū o muri, ka huri ki te taha maui o te kakau ringa piu. Ka neke ake te wira toki. He tino rīwhi te ringa piu i konei, ā, ko te ōwehenga tohatoha o te kawenga poutū ki runga i ngā toki waenga me muri e whakawhirinaki ana ki te ōwehenga rīwhi o te ringa piu me te roa o mua me muri o te puna rau.

Puna kōwiri whakatārewatanga kore-motuhake

Nā te mea ka taea anake e te puna koiri te pikau i ngā kawenga poutū hei wāhanga rapa, me tāpiri he tikanga ārahi me he aukati ru ki te pūnaha whakatārewatanga.

Kei roto i tēnei ko ngā puna koiri, ngā ātete ru, ngā tokotoko pana roa, ngā tokotoko pana taha, ngā tokotoko whakapakari me ētahi atu wāhanga. Ko te āhuatanga hanganga ko te hononga o ngā wira maui me matau ki te pou katoa. Ko te pito o raro o te ātete ru e mau ana ki te tautoko o te toki o muri, ā, ko te pito o runga e hono ana ki te tinana o te waka. Kei waenganui i te puna o runga me te nohoanga o raro te puna koiri i te taha o waho o te ātete ru. Ko te pito o muri o te tokotoko pana roa e honoa ana ki te toki, ā, ko te pito o mua e hono ana ki te anga waka. Ko tētahi pito o te tokotoko pana whakawhiti e hono ana ki te tinana o te waka, ā, ko tētahi atu pito e hono ana ki te toki. I te wā e mahi ana, ka pikau te puna i te kawenga poutū, ā, ko te kaha roa me te kaha whakawhiti ka pikauhia e ngā tokotoko pana roa me te whakawhiti. Ina peke te wira, ka huri te toki katoa i ngā pūwāhi hono o te tokotoko pana roa me te tokotoko pana taha i runga i te tinana o te waka. Ka whakakorehia e ngā pū rapa i ngā pūwāhi honohono te pokanoa nekehanga ina huri te toki. He pai te whakatārewatanga kore-motuhake o te puna koiri mō te whakatārewatanga o muri o ngā waka pāhihi.

Te whakatārewatanga kore-motuhake o te puna hau

I te wā e oma ana te motuka, nā te rerekētanga o te kawenga me te mata o te rori, me whakarerekē te pakari o te whakatārewatanga. Me whakaiti te teitei o te tinana o ngā motuka, me whakanui hoki te tere i ngā rori pai; me whakanui hoki te teitei o te tinana, me whakanui hoki te kaha haere i ngā rori kino, nō reira me whakarerekē te teitei o te tinana kia rite ki ngā whakaritenga whakamahinga. Ka taea e te whakatārewatanga kore-motuhake o te puna hau te whakatutuki i ēnei whakaritenga.

He mea tito mai i te pūwero, te tāke rokiroki hau, te takirere whakahaere teitei, te puna hau, te tokotoko whakahaere, me ētahi atu. Hei tāpiri, kei reira ngā mea whakangāwari ru, ngā ringa ārahi, me ngā pae whakau taha. Kei waenganui i te anga (tinana) me te toki te puna hau, ā, kei runga i te tinana o te waka te takirere whakahaere teitei. Ko te pito o te tokotoko piston e herea ana ki te ringa whakawhiti o te tokotoko whakahaere, ā, ko te pito kē atu o te ringa whakawhiti e herea ana ki te tokotoko whakahaere. Ko te wāhanga waenga e tautokona ana ki te wāhanga o runga o te puna hau, ā, ko te pito o raro o te tokotoko whakahaere e herea ana ki te toki. Ko ngā wāhanga e hanga ana i te puna hau e honoa ana mā roto i ngā paipa. Ko te hau pēhanga teitei i hangaia e te pūwero ka uru ki te tāke rokiroki hau mā te wehewehe hinu-wai me te kaiwhakahaere pēhanga, kātahi ka uru ki te takirere whakahaere teitei mā te tātari hau i muri i te putanga mai i te tāke rokiroki hau. Ko te tāke rokiroki hau, ko te tāke rokiroki hau e hono ana ki ngā puna hau o ia wira, nō reira ka piki ake te pēhanga hau i roto i ia puna hau me te pikinga o te nui o te pupuhi, ā, i te wā kotahi, ka hiki ake te tinana kia neke te piston i roto i te takirere whakahaere teitei ki te tāke rokiroki hau. Ka āraia te putanga whakakī hau o te pupuhi o roto. Hei wāhanga rapa, ka taea e te puna hau te whakaiti i te kawenga pānga e pā ana ki te wira mai i te mata o te rori ina tukuna ki te tinana o te waka mā te toki. Hei tāpiri, ka taea hoki e te whakatārewatanga hau te whakarite aunoa i te teitei o te tinana o te waka. Kei waenganui i te putanga pupuhi me te putanga tuku hau i roto i te takirere whakahaere teitei te piston, ā, ka pupuhi te hau mai i te tāke rokiroki hau i te tāke rokiroki hau me te puna hau, ka whakaara ake i te teitei o te tinana o te waka. Ina kei te tūranga o runga o te putanga pupuhi i roto i te takirere whakahaere teitei te piston, ka hoki te hau i roto i te puna hau ki te putanga tuku hau mā te putanga pupuhi ka tomo ki te hau, ā, ka heke te pēhanga hau i roto i te puna hau, nō reira ka heke anō te teitei o te tinana o te waka. Mā te tokotoko whakahaere me te ringa whakawhiti i runga e whakatau te tūranga o te piston i roto i te takirere whakahaere teitei.

He maha ngā painga o te whakatārewatanga hau, pērā i te whakamarie o te taraiwa o te motuka, te hiki i te tuaka kotahi, tuaka maha rānei ina hiahiatia, te whakarerekē i te teitei o te tinana o te waka, ā, he iti noa te kino ki te mata o te rori, me ētahi atu, engari he hanganga uaua anō hoki, he whakaritenga tino pakari mō te hiri, me ētahi atu ngoikoretanga. Ka whakamahia i roto i ngā motuka arumoni, ngā taraka, ngā wakatō me ētahi motuka.

Puna hinu me te hau whakatārewatanga kore-motuhake

Ko te whakatārewatanga kore-motuhake o te puna hau-hinu e pā ana ki te whakatārewatanga kore-motuhake ina whakamahia e te huānga rapa te puna hau-hinu.

He mea tito mai i ngā puna hinu me te hau, ngā tokotoko pana taha, ngā poraka ārai, ngā tokotoko pana roa me ētahi atu wāhanga. Ko te pito o runga o te puna hau-hinu ka mau ki te anga o te waka, ā, ko te pito o raro ka mau ki te toki o mua. Ka whakamahia e te taha maui me te taha matau he tokotoko pana roa o raro hei pupuri i waenganui i te toki o mua me te kurupae roa. Ka whakanohoia he tokotoko pana roa o runga ki te toki o mua me te whāriki o roto o te kurupae roa. Ka hangaia he whakarara e ngā tokotoko pana roa o runga me raro, e whakamahia ana hei whakarite kia kore e rerekē te koki o te pine o te kīngi ina peke ake, ina heke iho te wira. Ka whakanohoia te tokotoko pana whakawhiti ki te kurupae roa maui me te whāriki ki te taha matau o te toki o mua. Ka tāutahia he poraka ārai i raro i ngā kurupae roa e rua. Nā te mea kua tāutahia te puna hau-hinu ki waenganui i te anga me te toki, hei wāhanga rapa, ka taea e ia te whakaiti i te kaha pānga mai i te mata o te rori ki runga i te wira ina tukuna ki te anga, ā, i te wā kotahi ka whakaiti i te wiri e whai ake nei. Ka whakamahia ngā tokotoko pana roa o runga me raro hei tuku i te kaha roa me te ātete i te wā tauhohenga i puta mai i te kaha aukati. Ka tukuna ngā kaha taha e ngā tokotoko pana taha.

Ina whakamahia te puna hinu-hau ki runga i te taraka arumoni he nui te kawenga, he iti ake tōna rahinga me tōna taumaha i tō te puna rau, ā, he rerekē ngā āhuatanga pakari, engari he nui ngā whakaritenga mō te hiri me te uaua o te tiaki. He pai te whakatārewatanga hau-hinu mō ngā taraka arumoni he nui ngā kawenga.

Pāhotanga Etita Whakatārewatanga Motuhake

Ko te tikanga o te whakatārewatanga motuhake ko ngā wira o ia taha ka whakatārewatia takitahi mai i te anga, i te tinana rānei mā te whakamahi i ngā whakatārewatanga rapa. Ko ōna painga: he māmā te taumaha, he whakaiti i te pānga ki te tinana, me te whakapai ake i te piri o ngā wira ki te whenua; ka taea te whakamahi i ngā puna ngohengohe me te iti o te pakari hei whakapai ake i te whakamarie o te motuka; ka taea te whakaheke i te tūranga o te miihini, ā, ka taea hoki te whakaheke i te pokapū o te taumaha o te motuka, ā, ka whakapai ake i te pumau o te taraiwa o te motuka; ka peke takitahi ngā wira maui me te matau, ā, ka motuhake tetahi ki tetahi, ka taea te whakaiti i te honga me te wiri o te tinana o te motuka. Heoi, ko ngā ngoikoretanga o te whakatārewatanga motuhake ko te hanganga uaua, te utu nui me te kore e pai te tiaki. Ko te nuinga o ngā motuka hou e whakamahi ana i ngā whakatārewatanga motuhake. E ai ki ngā momo hanganga rerekē, ka taea te wehewehe i ngā whakatārewatanga motuhake ki ngā whakatārewatanga wishbone, ngā whakatārewatanga ringa muri, ngā whakatārewatanga maha-hononga, ngā whakatārewatanga rama, me ngā whakatārewatanga MacPherson.

wheua hiahia

Ko te whakatārewatanga ringa-whiti e pā ana ki te whakatārewatanga motuhake e piu ana ngā wira i te papa whakarara o te motuka. E wehea ana ki te whakatārewatanga ringa-rua me te whakatārewatanga ringa-kotahi i runga i te maha o ngā ringa-whiti.

Ko ngā painga o te momo kotahi-whatu he hanganga māmā, he pokapū hurihuri teitei, ā, he kaha te ātete-hurihuri. Heoi, i te pikinga ake o te tere o ngā waka hou, ka nui te huringa o te ara wira i te pokapū hurihuri teitei rawa ina peke ngā wira, ā, ka piki ake te pakaru o ngā potae. Heoi anō, ka nui rawa te whakawhiti kaha poutū o ngā wira maui me matau i ngā kokonga koi, ka nui ake te anga o ngā wira o muri. Ka iti haere te pakari o te wira o muri i te kokonga, ka hua ake he āhuatanga kino o te nekeneke o te hiku tere-teitei. Ko te whakatārewatanga motuhake kotahi-whatu te nuinga o te wā e whakamahia ana i roto i te whakatārewatanga o muri, engari nā te mea kāore e taea te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga o te taraiwa tere-teitei, kāore i te tino whakamahia i tēnei wā.

Ka wehea te whakatārewatanga motuhake o te rua-wishbone ki te whakatārewatanga rua-wishbone roa-rite me te whakatārewatanga rua-wishbone roa-kore-rite i runga i te roa o ngā ringa whakawhiti o runga me raro. Ka taea e te whakatārewatanga rua-wishbone roa-rite te pupuri i te piko o te kingpin ina pekepeke te wira ki runga, ki raro, engari ka tino rerekē te turanga wira (he rite ki te whakatārewatanga kotahi-wishbone), ka nui te pakaru me te pakaru o ngā potae, ā, he onge te whakamahi i ēnei rā. Mō te whakatārewatanga rua-wishbone roa-kore-rite, mena ka whiriwhiria me te arotauhia te roa o te rua-wishbone o runga me raro, ā, mā te whakaritenga tika, ka taea te pupuri i ngā huringa o te turanga wira me ngā tawhā whakatikatika wira o mua i roto i ngā rohe e whakaaetia ana, kia pai ai te pumau o te taraiwa o te waka. I tēnei wā, kua whānuitia te whakamahinga o te whakatārewatanga rua-wishbone roa-kore-rite i roto i ngā whakatārewatanga o mua me muri o ngā motuka, ā, ka whakamahia hoki e ngā wira o muri o ētahi motuka hākinakina me ngā motuka reihi tēnei hanganga whakatārewatanga.