Ina kōrero te tangata mō ngā motopaika wira-toru me ētahi taraka mama me ngā waka, he maha ā rātou kī he mānu katoa tēnei toki, ā, he mānu haurua taua toki. He aha te tikanga o te "mānu katoa" me te "mānu haurua" i konei? Me whakautu tātou i tēnei pātai i raro nei.
Ko te mea e kiia nei ko te "whakatere-katoa" me te "whakatere-haurua" e pā ana ki te momo tautoko whakairinga mō ngā toki o ngā motuka. E mōhio ana tātou katoa, ko te toki haurua he toki totoka e tuku ana i te taipana i waenga i te rerekētanga me ngā wira taraiwa. Ko tōna taha o roto e hono ana ki te taputapu taha mā te spline, ā, ko te taha o waho e hono ana ki te pokapū o te wira taraiwa mā te flange. Nā te mea me mau te toki haurua i te taipana nui rawa atu, me tino teitei tōna kaha. I te nuinga o te wā, ko te maitai koranu pērā i te 40Cr, 40CrMo, 40MnB rānei e whakamahia ana mō te tinei me te whakamahana me te maimoatanga tinei auau-teitei. Mā te huri, he pakari te matua, ka taea te tu atu ki te taipana nui, ā, ka taea te tu atu ki tētahi kawenga pānga, ka taea te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o ngā motuka i raro i ngā āhuatanga rerekē.
E ai ki ngā momo tautoko rerekē o ngā toki haurua, ka wehea ngā toki haurua kia rua ngā momo: "manene tonu" me te "manene-haurua". Ko te toki manene-katoa me te toki haurua-manene e kōrerohia pinepinetia ana e tātou e pā ana ki te momo toki haurua. Ko te "manene" i konei e pā ana ki te kawenga piko i muri i te tangohanga o te toki.
Ko te tikanga o te mea e kiia nei ko te haurua porotaka e rere tonu ana, ko te haurua porotaka anake te taipana e mau ana, ā, kāore he nekehanga piko e mau ana. Ko te taha o roto o taua haurua porotaka e honoa ana ki te taputapu taha rerekē mā roto i ngā splines, ā, ko te taha o waho he pereti flange, e mau ana ki te pokapū wira mā roto i ngā pūtu, ā, ko te pokapū wira e mau ana ki te toki mā roto i ngā peera roera e rua. Mā tēnei, ka tukuna ngā wiri me ngā wiri ki ngā wira, me te taumaha o te waka, mai i ngā wira ki ngā pokapū, kātahi ki ngā toki, ā, ko ngā whare toki te kawenga mō ēnei. Ka tukuna noa e ngā toki toki te taipana mai i te rerekētanga ki ngā wira hei taraiwa i te motuka. I roto i tēnei tukanga, ko ngā pito e rua o te haurua porotaka e mau ana i te taipana me te kore he nekehanga piko, nō reira e kiia ana ko te "rere tonu". E whakaatu ana te pikitia e whai ake nei i te hanganga me te tāutanga o te haurua porotaka e rere tonu ana o te motuka. Ko tōna āhuatanga hanganga ko te whakaurunga o te pū wira ki runga i te toki mā roto i ngā peera roera whakarara e rua, ka whakauruhia te wira ki runga i te pū wira, ka tukuna tika te kaha tautoko ki te toki, ā, ka puta te haurua-pou. E waru ngā tīwiri e piri ana ki te pū ka tukuna te taipana ki te pū, ka akiaki i te wira kia huri.
He ngāwari te wetewete me te whakakapi i te haurua o te pou e rere ana, ā, ka taea te tango i te haurua o te pou mā te tango noa i ngā pūtu whakapiri e mau ana ki te pereti flange o te haurua o te pou. Heoi, ko te taumaha katoa o te motuka i muri i te tango i te haurua o te pou ka tautokona e te whare o te pou, ā, ka taea tonu te tū ki runga i te whenua me te pono; ko te ngoikoretanga he uaua te hanganga, ā, he nui te kounga o ngā wāhanga. Koinei te momo e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā motuka, ā, ko te nuinga o ngā taraka māmā, waenga me te taumaha, ngā waka kore-rori me ngā motuka pāhihi e whakamahi ana i tēnei momo pou o te pou.
Ko te tikanga o te mea e kiia nei ko te haurua porowhita-haurua, ehara i te mea ko te haurua porowhita anake te mea e mau ana i te taipana, engari ko te wā piko hoki. Ko te taha o roto o taua porowhita toki ka honoa ki te taputapu taha rerekē mā roto i ngā splines, ko te pito o waho o te porowhita toki ka tautokona ki te whare toki mā roto i te peera, ā, ka mau tonu te wira ki runga i te cantilever i te pito o waho o te porowhita toki. Mā tēnei, ka tukuna tika ngā kaha rerekē e pā ana ki ngā wira me ngā wā piko ka puta ki ngā haurua porowhita, kātahi ki te whare toki taraiwa mā roto i ngā peera. I te wā e oma ana te motuka, ehara i te mea ko ngā haurua porowhita anake ka akiaki i ngā wira kia huri, engari ka akiaki hoki i ngā wira kia huri. Hei tautoko i te taumaha katoa o te motuka. Ko te pito o roto o te haurua porowhita ka mau i te taipana anake engari kāore i te wā piko, ko te pito o waho ia ka mau i te taipana me te wā piko katoa, nō reira ka kiia ko te "haurua-makuku". E whakaatu ana te pikitia e whai ake nei i te hanganga me te tāutanga o te haurua-porowhita-haurua o te motuka. Ko tōna āhuatanga hanganga ko te pito o waho e mau ana, e tautokona ana hoki i runga i te peera roera whaiti me te mata whaiti me te kī me te pokapū, ā, ko te kaha tuaka o waho ka peia e te peera roera whaiti. I roto i te peera, ka tukuna te kaha tuaka o roto ki te peera roera whaiti o te haurua o te pou taha mā te reti.
He kiato, he māmā hoki te hanganga tautoko haurua-pou e rere ana, engari he uaua te kaha o te haurua-pou, ā, he uaua te wetewete me te whakakotahi. Mēnā ka tangohia ngā pou toki, kāore e taea te tautoko i te motuka ki runga i te whenua. Ko te tikanga ka taea anake te whakamahi ki ngā waka iti me ngā waka māmā he iti te kawenga o te waka, he iti te whānui o te wira me te toki whakauru o muri, pērā i te raupapa Wu ling noa me te raupapa Song hua jiang.
Wā tuku: Akuhata-04-2022