E rua ngā momo matua o ngā whakamahana waka: ko te konumohe me te parahi, ko te mea tuatahi e whakamahia ana mō ngā waka pāhihi whānui, ko te mea tuarua e whakamahia ana mō ngā waka arumoni nui.
Kua tere te whanaketanga o ngā rauemi me ngā hangarau hanga o ngā pūwero waka. Nā ōna painga mārama i roto i ngā rauemi mama, kua āta whakakapia ngā pūwero konumohe i ngā pūwero parahi i roto i te ao o ngā motuka me ngā waka mama. I taua wā anō, kua tino ahu whakamua te hangarau me te hangarau hanga pūwero parahi. E whakamahia ana ngā pūwero parahi whakakoi i roto i ngā motuka pāhihi, ā, he mārama ngā painga o ngā mīhini hangarau, ngā taraka taumaha me ētahi atu pūwero miihini. Ko te nuinga o ngā pūwero mō ngā motuka ke he pūwero konumohe, ko te nuinga mai i te tirohanga tiaki taiao (ina koa i ngā whenua Pākehā me Amerika). I roto i ngā motuka Pākehā hou, ko te ōwehenga o ngā pūwero konumohe he 64% i te toharite. Mai i te tirohanga o ngā tirohanga whanaketanga o te hanga pūwero waka i tōku whenua, kei te piki haere te maha o ngā pūwero konumohe i hangaia e te whakakoi. E whakamahia ana hoki ngā totohu wera parahi whakakoi i runga i ngā pahi, ngā taraka me ētahi atu taputapu hangarau.
hanganga
He wāhanga tino nui, he wāhanga nui hoki te whakamatao o te mīhini whakamatao wai o te waka, ā, kei te whanake haere i te huarahi ki te mama, ki te whai hua, ki te penapena hoki. Kei te urutau tonu hoki ngā hanganga whakamatao waka ki ngā whanaketanga hou.
He maha ngā ngongo me ngā tara whakamatao angiangi o te pūwero o te pūwero ngongo-tara. He papatahi te āhua o te nuinga o ngā ngongo whakamatao hei whakaiti i te ātete hau me te whakanui ake i te horahanga whakawhiti wera.
Me nui te horahanga o te pū o te pūwhakamahana kia puta ai te wai whakamatao, ā, me nui hoki te horahanga o te hau kia puta ai te hau hei tango i te wera e whakawhitihia ana mai i te wai whakamatao ki te pūwhakamahana. I taua wā anō, me nui te horahanga o te wera hei whakaoti i te whakawhiti wera i waenga i te wai whakamatao, te hau me te totohu wera.
He mea hanga ngā whakamahana ngongo-me-whitiki ki ngā rīpene whakamarara wera kōpikopiko me ngā paipa whakamatao kua whakaritea kia takirua, kua whakarewaina.
Ki te whakatauritea ki te pūwhakamahana ngongo-me-te-hurihuri, ka taea e te pūwhakamahana ngongo-me-te-whitiki te whakanui ake i te horahanga wera mā te 12% i raro i ngā āhuatanga ōrite. Hei tāpiri, he kōhao rite ki te louver kei runga i te whitiki whakamarara wera hei whakararuraru i te rere o te hau hei whakangaro i te rere o te hau i runga i te mata o te whitiki whakamarara wera. He paparanga piri kei runga hei whakapai ake i te whakamarara wera.
kaupapa
Ko te mahi a te pūnaha whakamatao waka he pupuri i te waka i roto i te awhe pāmahana tika i raro i ngā āhuatanga whakahaere katoa. Kua wehea te pūnaha whakamatao o te waka ki te whakamatao hau me te whakamatao wai. Ko te pūnaha whakamatao hau e whakamahi ana i te hau hei reo whakamatao ka kiia ko te pūnaha whakamatao hau, me te pūnaha whakamatao wai e whakamahi ana i te wai whakamatao hei reo whakamatao. Ko te tikanga, ko te pūnaha whakamatao wai he papu wai, he whakamahana, he pā whakamatao, he thermostat, he peere utu, he poraka miihini, he koti wai i roto i te pane rango, me ētahi atu taputapu āwhina. I roto i ēnei, ko te whakamatao te kawenga mō te whakamatao i te wai e rere ana. Ko ōna paipa wai me ōna totohu wera he mea hanga ki te konumohe te nuinga, ko ngā paipa wai konumohe he āhua papatahi, ā, ko ngā totohu wera he kōpikopiko, e aro ana ki te mahi marara wera. Me iti te ātete hau, me teitei te pai o te whakamatao. Ka rere te whakamatao ki roto i te matua o te whakamahana, ā, ka puta te hau ki waho o te matua o te whakamahana. Ka whakamatao te wai whakamatao wera mā te tuku i te wera ki te hau, ā, ka wera ake te hau matao mā te mimiti i te wera e tukuna ana e te wai whakamatao, nō reira he whakawhiti wera te radiator.
te whakamahinga me te tiaki
1. Kaua te whakamahana e pā ki tētahi waikawa, kawakore, me ētahi atu āhuatanga waikura.
2. E taunakihia ana kia whakamahia te wai ngohengohe, ā, me whakangawari te wai mārō i mua i te whakamahinga hei karo i te aukati o roto o te whakamahana me te whakaputa i te unahi.
3. Whakamahia he ārai huka. Hei karo i te waikura o te whakamahana, whakamahia te ārai huka roa e hangaia ana e ngā kaihanga noa, ā, kia rite ki ngā paerewa ā-motu.
4. I te wā e tāuta ana i te whakamahana, kaua e pakaru te whitiki (rau) whakamarara wera, kaua hoki e pēhi i te whakamahana kia pai ai te kaha me te hiri o te whakamarara wera.
5. Kia mimiti rawa te wai o te pūwhakamahana, kātahi ka whakakīia ki te wai, tahurihia te pana mimiti o te poraka miihini i te tuatahi, kātahi ka kati ina puta te wai, kia kore ai e pupuhi.
6. I roto i te whakamahinga o ia rā, me tirotiro te taumata wai i ngā wā katoa, ā, me tāpiri he wai i muri i te whakamutua o te mīhini kia whakamatao. I te wā e tāpirihia ana te wai, me whakatuwhera mārire te taupoki o te tāke wai, ā, me noho tawhiti te kaiwhakahaere i te putanga wai kia kore ai e wera i te mamaoa pēhanga teitei e puta mai ana i te putanga wai.
7. I te takurua, kia kore ai e pakaru te pūtake nā te hukapapa, pērā i te tūnga waka mō te wā roa, te tūnga waka ā-kore rānei, me kati te taupoki o te tāke wai me te pana tuku wai kia tukuna katoatia te wai.
8. Me pupuri kia maroke, kia hauhautanga hoki te taiao whai hua o te whakamahana tāpiri.
9. I runga anō i te āhuatanga tūturu, me horoi katoa e te kaiwhakamahi te pūtake o te whakamahana i roto i te 1 ki te 3 marama. I te wā e horoi ana, horoia ki te wai ma i te taha whakamuri o te putanga hau.
10. Me horoi te ine taumata wai i ia 3 marama, i runga rānei i te āhuatanga tuturu, me tango ia wāhanga ka horoia ki te wai mahana me te hopi horoi kore-waikura.
Ngā tuhipoka mō te whakamahinga
Ko te kukū tino pai o te LLC (Long Life Coolant) ka whakatauhia i runga i te pāmahana motuhake o ia rohe. Me whakakapi anō hoki te LLC (Long Life Coolant) i ia wā.
Pāhotanga ētita taupoki whakamahana waka
He takirere pēhanga kei te taupoki o te pūwhakamahana e pēhi ana i te wai whakamatao. Ka piki ake te pāmahana wai whakamatao i raro i te pēhanga ki runga ake i te 100°C, ka nui ake te rerekētanga i waenga i te pāmahana wai whakamatao me te pāmahana hau. Ka pai ake te whakamatao. Ina piki ake te pēhanga o te pūwhakamahana, ka tuwhera te takirere pēhanga ka tukuna te wai whakamatao ki te waha o te puna wai, ā, ina whakaitihia te pēhanga o te pūwhakamahana, ka tuwhera te takirere korehau, ka taea e te puna wai te tuku i te wai whakamatao. I te wā e piki ake ana te pēhanga, ka piki ake te pēhanga (te pāmahana teitei), ā, i te wā e whakaitihia ana te pēhanga, ka heke te pēhanga (te whakamatao).
Pāhotanga whakatika whakarōpūtanga me te tiaki
Ko ngā whakamahana waka e wehea whānuitia ana ki te whakamatao wai me te whakamatao hau. Ko te whakamararatanga wera o te miihini whakamatao hau e whakawhirinaki ana ki te rere o te hau hei tango i te wera kia tutuki ai te pānga o te whakamararatanga wera. Ko te taha waho o te poraka rango o te miihini whakamatao hau kua hoahoatia, kua hangaia hoki hei hanganga matotoru, kia nui ake ai te horahanga whakamararatanga wera kia tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga whakamararatanga wera o te miihini. Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā miihini whakamatao wai e whakamahia whānuitia ana, he pai ngā painga o ngā miihini whakamatao hau, arā, he mama, he ngāwari hoki te tiaki.
Ko te whakamararatanga wera o te wai whakamatao ko te whakamatao o te pūwhakamatao wai i te pāmahana teitei o te miihini; ko te mahi a te papu wai ko te huri i te pūwhakamatao ki roto i te pūnaha whakamatao katoa; ka whakamahia e te mahi a te pā te pāmahana taiao hei pupuhi tika ki te pūwhakamatao, ka puta te pāmahana teitei i roto i te pūwhakamatao. Ka whakamataohia te pūwhakamatao; ka whakahaerehia e te thermostat te āhua o te rere o te pūwhakamatao. Ka whakamahia te puna wai hei penapena i te pūwhakamatao.
I te wā e oma ana te waka, ka noho ngāwari te puehu, ngā rau, me ngā para ki runga i te mata o te radiator, ka ārai i ngā mata o te radiator, ka whakaiti i te mahi a te radiator. I tēnei wā, ka taea e tātou te whakamahi i te paraihe hei horoi, ka taea rānei e tātou te whakamahi i te papu hau pēhanga teitei hei pupuhi i ngā mea katoa i runga i te radiator.
Te tiaki
Hei wāhanga whakawhiti wera me te kawe wera i roto i te motuka, he mea nui te mahi a te whakamahana motuka i roto i te motuka. Ko te nuinga o ngā rauemi o te whakamahana motuka he konumohe, he parahi rānei, ā, ko te matua o te whakamahana te wāhanga matua, kei roto ko te wai whakamatao. , he whakawhiti wera te whakamahana motuka. Mō te tiaki me te whakatika i te whakamahana, he iti noa te mōhio o te nuinga o ngā rangatira motuka mōna. Tukua ahau kia whakamōhio atu ki a koe te tiaki me te whakatika i te whakamahana motuka o ia rā.
Ka whakamahia ngātahitia te pūwhakamahana me te tāke wai hei taputapu whakamarara wera o te motuka. Mō ngā rauemi o roto, kāore te konganuku e ātete ki te waikura, nō reira me karo i te pā atu ki ngā wairewa waikura pēnei i te waikawa me te kawakore kia kore ai e pakaru. Mō ngā pūwhakamahana motuka, he hapa tino noa te aukati. Hei whakaiti i te puta o te aukati, me werowero te wai ngohengohe ki roto, ā, me whakangawari te wai mārō i mua i te werowero, kia kore ai e aukatia te pūwhakamahana motuka e puta mai i te unahi. I te takurua, he makariri te rangi, ā, he ngāwari te tio, te whānui me te tio o te pūwhakamahana, nō reira me tāpiri he ārai tio kia kore ai e tio te wai. I te whakamahinga o ia rā, me tirotiro te taumata wai i ngā wā katoa, ā, me tāpiri he wai i muri i te whakamutua o te mīhini kia whakamatao. I te wā e tāpirihia ana te wai ki te pūwhakamahana motuka, me whakatuwhera mārire te taupoki o te tāke wai, ā, me pupuri e te rangatira me ētahi atu kaiwhakahaere ō rātou tinana kia matara atu i te putanga whakakī wai kia kore ai e wera i puta mai i te hinu me te hau pāmahana teitei teitei e pupuhi ana i waho o te putanga wai.
