;Te kaupapa o te pupuhi hauhautanga waka
Whakarāpopototanga: Ko te pūnaha hauhautanga waka he taputapu hei whakatutuki i te whakamatao, te whakamahana, te whakawhiti hau me te purenga hau o te hau i roto i te waka. Ka taea e ia te whakarato i tētahi taiao taraiwa whakamarie mō ngā pāhihi, te whakaiti i te kaha o te ngenge o ngā taraiwa, me te whakapai ake i te haumaru o te taraiwa. Kua noho ngā taputapu hauhautanga hei tohu hei ine i te oti o te waka. Ko te pūnaha hauhautanga waka he mea tito mai i te compressor, te pupuhi hauhautanga, te condenser, te whakamaroke rokiroki wai, te takirere whānui, te evaporator me te pupuhi, me ētahi atu. Ko te kaupapa matua o tēnei pepa ko te whakauru i te kaupapa o te pupuhi hauhautanga waka.
I te mea kua piki ake te mahana o te ao, me te pai ake o ngā hiahia o te tangata mō te taiao taraiwa, kua piki haere te maha o ngā waka kua whakauruhia ki ngā pūnaha hauhautanga. E ai ki ngā tatauranga, i te tau 2000, 78% o ngā waka e hokona ana i te Hononga o Amerika me Kānata kua whakauruhia ki te hauhautanga, ā, e kiia ana ināianei he 90% pea o ngā waka he hauhautanga, hei tāpiri atu ki te whakarato i te taiao taraiwa whakamarie ki te tangata. Hei kaiwhakamahi waka, me mārama te kaipānui ki tōna kaupapa, kia taea ai te whakatau tere me te whai hua i ngā āhuatanga ohorere.
1. Te kaupapa mahi o te pūnaha whakamatao motuka
Ko te kaupapa mahi o te pūnaha whakamatao hauhautanga waka
1, te kaupapa mahi o te pūnaha whakamatao hauhautanga motuka
E whā ngā tukanga o te huringa o te pūnaha whakamatao hauhautanga waka: te kōpeketanga, te tuku wera, te whakawhāiti i te pāmahana me te mimiti wera.
(1) Tukanga kōpeketanga: ka hongihia e te kōpeketanga te hau whakamatao pāmahana iti me te pēhanga iti i te putanga o te evaporator, ka kōpeketia hei hau pāmahana teitei me te pēhanga teitei, kātahi ka tukuna ki te condenser. Ko te mahi matua o tēnei tukanga ko te kōpeke me te pēhanga i te hau kia ngāwari ai te wai. I te wā o te tukanga kōpeketanga, kāore te āhua o te whakamatao e rerekē, ā, ka piki tonu te pāmahana me te pēhanga, ka hanga he hau wera rawa.
(2) Tukanga tuku wera: ka uru te hau hauhautanga wera nui, pāmahana teitei, me te pēhanga teitei ki te pūwhakamātao (radiator) hei whakawhiti wera ki te āhuarangi. Nā te whakahekenga o te pēhanga me te pāmahana, ka whakapūmau te hau hauhautanga hei wai, ā, ka tukuna he nui te wera. Ko te mahi a tēnei tukanga he pana i te wera me te whakapūmau. Ko te āhuatanga o te tukanga whakapūmau ko te huringa o te āhua o te hauhautanga, arā, i raro i te āhua o te pēhanga me te pāmahana pumau, ka huri haere mai i te hau ki te wai. Ko te wai hauhautanga i muri i te whakapūmau he wai pēhanga teitei, pāmahana teitei. Ka whakamātaohia te wai hauhautanga, ā, ko te nui ake o te whakamātao, ko te nui ake o te kaha o te mimiti ki te mimiti i te wera i te wā o te tukanga mimiti, ā, ko te pai ake o te pānga whakamatao, arā, ko te pikinga rite o te whakaputanga makariri.
(3) te tukanga whakawhāiti: ka whakawhāitihia te wai hauhautanga pēhanga teitei me te pāmahana teitei mā te takirere whānui hei whakaiti i te pāmahana me te pēhanga, ā, ka tangohia te taputapu whānui i roto i te kohu (ngā pata iti). Ko te mahi a te tukanga he whakamatao i te hauhautanga me te whakaiti i te pēhanga, mai i te wai pāmahana teitei me te pēhanga teitei ki te wai pēhanga pāmahana iti, kia pai ai te mimiti wera, kia whakahaere i te kaha o te whakamatao me te pupuri i te mahi noa o te pūnaha whakamatao.
4) Te tukanga mimiti wera: i muri i te whakamatao me te whakahekenga e te takirere whānui, ka tomo te wai hauhautanga kohu ki te evaporator, nō reira he iti iho te pāmahana koropupū o te hauhautanga i te pāmahana i roto i te evaporator, nō reira ka mimiti te wai hauhautanga i roto i te evaporator ka koropupū hei hau. I roto i te tukanga mimiti hei mimiti i te nui o te wera huri noa, ka whakaitihia te pāmahana i roto i te motuka. Kātahi ka rere te hau hauhautanga pāmahana iti me te pēhanga iti i waho o te evaporator ka tatari kia manawa anō te compressor. Ko te tukanga endothermic e tohuhia ana e te āhua o te hauhautanga mai i te wai ki te hau, ā, kāore te pēhanga e rerekē i tēnei wā, arā, ka mahia te huringa o tēnei āhua i roto i te tukanga pēhanga pumau.
2, ko te pūnaha whakamatao hauhautanga motuka he mea hanga i ngā pūwero, ngā pūwhakamātao, ngā whakamaroke rokiroki wai, ngā takirere whānui, ngā whakapūngao me ngā pupuhi. E ai ki te Pikitia 1, ka honoa ngā wāhanga e te parahi (te konumohe rānei) me ngā ngongo rapa pēhanga-teitei hei hanga i tētahi pūnaha kati. Ina mahi te pūnaha makariri, ka huri haere ngā āhua rerekē o te mahara whakamatao i roto i tēnei pūnaha kati, ā, e whā ngā tukanga matua o ia huringa:
(1) Tukanga kōpeketanga: ka hongihia e te kōpeketanga te hau whakamatao i te putanga o te evaporator i te pāmahana me te pēhanga iti, ka kōpeketia hei kōpeketanga tango hau pāmahana teitei me te pēhanga teitei.
(2) Te tukanga tuku wera: ka uru te hau hau whakamatao wera rawa atu i te pāmahana teitei me te pēhanga teitei ki te pūwhakapūngao, ā, ka whakapūngaohia te hau hau whakamatao hei wai nā te whakahekenga o te pēhanga me te pāmahana, ā, ka tukuna he nui te wera.
(3) te tukanga whakawhāiti: I muri i te rerenga o te wai whakamatao me te pāmahana teitei me te pēhanga mā roto i te taputapu whakawhanui, ka nui haere te rōrahi, ka heke tere te pēhanga me te pāmahana, ā, ka tangohia te taputapu whakawhanui i roto i te kohu (ngā pata iti).
(4) Te tukanga mimiti wera: ka uru te wai hauhautanga kohu ki roto i te evaporator, nō reira he iti iho te pāmahana koropupū o te hauhautanga i te pāmahana i roto i te evaporator, nō reira ka mimiti te wai hauhautanga hei hau. I te wā o te mimiti, ka mimitihia he nui te wera huri noa, kātahi ka uru te mamaoa hauhautanga pāmahana iti me te pēhanga iti ki roto i te compressor.
2 Te kaupapa mahi a te pupuhi
I te nuinga o te wā, he pupuhi pūwero te pupuhi o te motuka, ā, he rite te kaupapa mahi o te pupuhi pūwero ki te pupuhi pūwero, engari ko te tukanga pēhi o te hau ka mahia i raro i te mahi a te kaha pūwero mā roto i ētahi impeller mahi (he maha rānei ngā wāhanga). He rotor hurihuri tere-teitei te pupuhi, ā, ko te mata o te rotor ka akiaki i te hau kia neke i te tere teitei. Mā te kaha pūwero ka rere te hau ki te putanga o te pupuhi i te rārangi kume i roto i te āhua kume o te anga, ā, he pēhanga hau motuhake te rere o te hau tere-teitei. Ka whakakīia te hau hou mā waenganui o te anga.
I roto i te ariā, he rārangi tika te pihi āhuatanga pēhanga-rere o te pupuhi pūwero, engari nā te ātete waku me ētahi atu mate i roto i te pā, ka heke mārire te pihi āhuatanga pēhanga me te rere i te pikinga o te tere rere, ā, ka piki ake te pihi mana-rere o te pā pūwero i te pikinga o te tere rere. Ina rere te pā i te tere pumau, ka neke te pūwāhi mahi o te pā i te pihi āhuatanga pēhanga-rere. Ko te āhua mahi o te pā i te wā e mahi ana, ehara i te mea ka whakawhirinaki ki tana ake mahi anake, engari ki ngā āhuatanga o te pūnaha hoki. Ina piki ake te ātete o te whatunga paipa, ka piki ake te pihi mahi paipa. Ko te kaupapa matua o te whakahaere pā ko te whiwhi i ngā āhuatanga mahi e hiahiatia ana mā te whakarerekē i te pihi mahi o te pā tonu, i te pihi āhuatanga rānei o te whatunga paipa o waho. Nō reira, kua tāutahia ētahi pūnaha atamai ki runga i te motuka hei āwhina i te motuka kia mahi noa i te wā e taraiwa ana i te tere iti, te tere waenga me te tere teitei.
Te kaupapa whakahaere pupuhi
2.1 Mana whakahaere aunoa
Ina pēhia te pana "aunoa" o te papa whakahaere hauhautanga, ka whakarite aunoa te rorohiko hauhautanga i te tere o te pupuhi kia rite ki te pāmahana hau putanga e hiahiatia ana.
Ina tīpakohia te ahunga rere o te hau ki te "mata" ki te "aronga rere takirua" rānei, ā, kei te āhua tere iti te pupuhi, ka rerekē te tere pupuhi i runga i te kaha o te rā i roto i te awhe rohe.
(1) Te whakahaere i te mana whakahaere tere iti
I te wā e whakahaere ana i te tere iti, ka momotu te rorohiko hauhautanga i te ngaohiko turanga o te triode hiko, ā, ka momotuhia hoki te triode hiko me te whakawhiti tere-tino teitei. Ka rere te iahiko mai i te motuka pupuhi ki te ātete pupuhi, kātahi ka tangohia te rino kia tere ai te motuka.
E whitu ngā wāhanga o te rorohiko hauhautanga: 1 pākahiko, 2 pana mura, 3 whakawhiti whakamahana, motuka pupuhi, 5 ātete pupuhi, 6 pūwhakawhiti hiko, 7 waea whakapūmahana pāmahana, 8 rorohiko hauhautanga, 9 whakawhiti tere-teitei.
(2) Te whakahaere i te mana whakahaere tere waenga
I te wā e whakahaere ana i te tere waenga, ka hangaia e te triode hiko he whakapūmau pāmahana, hei tiaki i te triode mai i te kino o te wera nui. Ka hurihia e te rorohiko hauhautanga te iahiko turanga o te triode hiko mā te whakarerekē i te tohu puku pupuhi kia tutuki ai te kaupapa o te whakahaere ahokore o te tere o te motuka pupuhi.
3) Te whakahaere i te mana tere-teitei
I te wā e whakahaeretia ana te tere-tiketike, ka momotu te rorohiko hauhautanga i te ngaohiko turanga o te triode hiko, tōna hononga nama 40 te rino here, ā, ka whakakāhia te whakawhiti tere-tiketike, ā, ka rere te iahiko mai i te motuka pupuhi mā te whakawhiti tere-tiketike, kātahi ki te rino here, ka huri te motuka i te tere-tiketike.
2.2 Te whakamahana i mua
I te āhua whakahaere aunoa, ka kitea te pāmahana o te wai whakamatao e te pūoko pāmahana e mau ana ki te wāhanga o raro o te matua whakamahana, ā, ka whakahaere i te whakamahana o mua. Ina kei raro iho i te 40°C te pāmahana o te wai whakamatao, ā, kei te kā te pana aunoa, ka kati te rorohiko hauhautanga i te pupuhi kia kore ai e tukuna te hau matao. Engari, ina kei runga ake i te 40°C te pāmahana o te wai whakamatao, ka tīmata te rorohiko hauhautanga i te pupuhi, ā, ka huri i te tere iti. Mai i taua wā, ka whakahaeretia aunoa te tere o te pupuhi i runga i te rere o te hau kua tatauhia me te pāmahana hau putanga e hiahiatia ana.
Ko te mana whakahaere whakamahana-mua kua whakaahuahia i runga ake nei ka noho noa iho ina tīpakohia te rere o te hau i te ahunga "raro" me te ahunga "rere takirua" rānei.
2.3 Te whakahaere i te rere o te hau kua whakaroahia (mō te whakamatao anake)
Ko te whakahaere hau whakaroa e hangai ana ki te pāmahana i roto i te pouaka whakamatao i kitea e te pūoko pāmahana evaporator.
Ka taea e te mana whakahaere hau te ārai i te tukunga ohorere o te hau wera mai i te hauhautanga. Ka mahia tēnei mahi whakahaere whakaroa kotahi noa iho ina tīmata te mīhini, ā, ka tutuki ngā tikanga e whai ake nei: 1 te mahi kōpeke; 2 te whakahaere pupuhi i te āhua "aunoa" (te pana aunoa ki te whakakā); 3 te whakahaere rere hau i te āhua "kanohi"; Whakatikatika ki te "Kanohi" mā te pana kanohi, whakatakotoria rānei ki te "kanohi" i te mana whakahaere aunoa; 4 te pāmahana i roto i te pouaka whakamatao he teitei ake i te 30℃
Ko te whakahaere o te whakahaere rere hau whakaroa penei:
Ahakoa kua tutuki ngā tikanga e whā o runga ake nei, ā, kua tīmata te mīhini, kāore e taea te tīmata tonu i te motuka pupuhi. He rerekētanga 4 hēkona te motuka pupuhi, engari me tahuri te compressor, me tīmata te mīhini, me whakamahi te hau refrigerant hei whakamatao i te evaporator. Ka tīmata te motuka pupuhi o muri 4 hēkona, ka mahi i te tere iti i ngā 5 hēkona tuatahi, ā, ka tere haere ki te tere teitei i ngā 6 hēkona whakamutunga. Mā tēnei mahi ka ārai i te tukunga ohorere o te hau wera mai i te pūhau, ka puta ai te oho.
Ngā kōrero whakamutunga
Ka taea e te pūnaha hauhautanga rorohiko tino pai o te motuka te whakarite aunoa i te pāmahana, te haumākū, te ma, te āhua me te whakapūngao o te hau i roto i te motuka, me te whakahaere i te rere o te hau i roto i te motuka i tētahi tere me tētahi ahunga hei whakarato i tētahi taiao taraiwa pai mō ngā pāhihi, me te whakarite kei roto ngā pāhihi i tētahi taiao hau whakamarie i raro i ngā āhuarangi me ngā āhuatanga o waho. Ka taea e ia te ārai i te hukapapa o te karāhe matapihi, kia mārama ai te tirohanga a te taraiwa, ā, kia whakarato i tētahi taurangi taketake mō te taraiwa haumaru.
Ki te hiahia koe ki te mōhio atu, pānuihia tonutia ngā tuhinga kē atu i runga i tēnei pae!
Tena waea mai ki a mātou mēnā e hiahia ana koe ki ēnei hua.
E whakapau kaha ana a Zhuo Meng Shanghai Auto Co., Ltd. ki te hoko i ngā wāhanga waka a MG&MAUXS. Nau mai ki te hoko.
