Rama upoko
Ko ngā rama o mua o ngā motuka he mea tito i ngā wāhanga e toru: he pūrama rama, he whakaata, me te whakaata ōrite (he whakaata astigmatism).
kotahi te pūangi
Ko ngā pūangi e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā rama motuka he pūangi incandescent, he pūangi halogen tungsten, he rama pewa kanapa teitei hou, me ētahi atu.
(1) Pūangi mura: he mea hanga tōna miro ki te waea tungsten (he teitei te ira rewa o te tungsten, ā, he kaha te mārama). I te wā e hangaia ana, hei whakanui ake i te roa o te mahi a te pūangi, ka whakakīia te pūangi ki te hau kore mahi (te hauota me tōna ranunga o ngā hau kore mahi). Ka taea e tēnei te whakaiti i te mimiti o te waea tungsten, te whakanui ake i te pāmahana o te miro, me te whakarei ake i te pai o te mārama. He kowhai te tae o te mārama mai i te pūangi mura.
(2) Rama halide Tungsten: Ka whakauruhia te pūrama halide Tungsten ki roto i te hau kore mahi ki roto i tētahi huānga halide (pērā i te iodine, te chlorine, te fluorine, te bromine, me ētahi atu), mā te whakamahi i te kaupapa o te tauhohenga hangarua halide tungsten, arā, ko te hau tungsten e mimiti ana mai i te miro ka tauhohe ki te halogen hei whakaputa i te halide tungsten pupuhi, ka horapa ki te wāhi pāmahana teitei e tata ana ki te miro, ā, ka pirau i te wera, kia hoki ai te tungsten ki te miro. Ka haere tonu te halogen kua tukuna ki te horapa me te whai wāhi ki te tauhohenga huringa e whai ake nei, kia haere tonu ai te huringa, ā, ka ārai i te mimiti o te tungsten me te mangu o te miro. He iti te rahi o te pūrama halogen Tungsten, he mea hanga te anga o te pūrama ki te karāhe quartz me te ātete pāmahana teitei me te kaha miihini teitei, i raro i te mana kotahi, ko te kanapa o te rama halogen tungsten he 1.5 ngā wā i te rama mura, ā, ko te roa o te ora he 2 ki te 3 ngā wā.
(3) Rama pewa hou kanapa-teitei: Kāore he miro tuku iho o tēnei rama i roto i te pūangi. Engari, e rua ngā irahiko ka whakanohoia ki roto i tētahi ngongo quartz. Ka whakakīia te ngongo ki te xenon me ngā konganuku iti (ngā halide konganuku rānei), ā, ina nui te ngaohiko pewa i runga i te irahiko (5000 ~ 12000V), ka tīmata te hau ki te whakakoi me te kawe hiko. Kei roto ngā ngota hau i te āhua whakaohooho, ā, ka tīmata te tuku mārama nā te whakawhiti taumata pūngao o ngā irahiko. I muri i te 0.1 hēkona, ka mimiti te iti o te kohu mercury i waenga i ngā irahiko, ā, ka whakawhitia tonutia te pūtake hiko ki te tukunga pewa mercury, kātahi ka whakawhitia ki te rama pewa halide i muri i te pikinga o te pāmahana. I muri i te taenga o te mārama ki te pāmahana mahi noa o te pūangi, he tino iti te mana o te pupuri i te tukunga pewa (tata ki te 35w), nō reira ka taea te penapena i te 40% o te pūngao hiko.
2. whakaata
Ko te mahi a te whakaata he whakanui i te whakakotahitanga o te mārama e tukuna ana e te pūangi ki roto i tētahi hihi kaha hei whakanui ake i te tawhiti o te whitinga.
Ko te āhua o te mata o te whakaata he paraboloid hurihuri, he mea hanga i te nuinga o te wā ki te pepa maitai angiangi 0.6 ~ 0.8mm, he mea hanga rānei ki te karāhe, ki te kirihou. Ka whakakikoruatia te mata o roto ki te hiriwa, ki te konumohe, ki te chrome rānei, kātahi ka whakakanapahia; kei te pūwāhi arotahi o te whakaata te miro, ā, ko te nuinga o ōna hihi mārama ka whakaatahia, ka tukuna atu ki tawhiti hei hihi whakarara. Ka taea e te rama rama kāore he whakaata te whakamārama i te tawhiti o te 6m, ā, ko te hihi whakarara e whakaatahia ana e te whakaata ka taea te whakamārama i te tawhiti neke atu i te 100m. Whai muri i te whakaata, he iti noa te mārama marara, kāore he painga o te taha ki runga, ā, ko te mārama taha me te raro ka āwhina ki te whakamārama i te mata o te rori me te taha o te 5 ki te 10m.
3. arotahi
Ko te Pantoscope, e mōhiotia ana ko te karāhe astigmatic, he huinga o ētahi porowhita me ngā karāhe motuhake, ā, he porowhita, he tapawhā te āhua. Ko te mahi a te whakaata ōrite ko te huri i te hihi whakarara e whakaatahia ana e te whakaata, kia pai ai te māramatanga o te huarahi i mua i te motuka.
Me pēhea te whakatau i te kohu wai i roto i ngā rama o te waka?
Ka taea te rongoā i te kohu wai o ngā rama waka penei: whakatuwheratia ngā rama kia mimiti noa, whakatā ki te rā, horoia ki te pū wai pēhanga teitei, whakakapia te atarangi rama o te rama, pupuhi ki te whakamaroke makawe, whakakapia te hiri o te rama, tuku i te whakamaroke haumākū, tāpirihia he pā hau whakamatao, whakakapia te rama.
Te take i pakaru ai te rama o mua?
Ko ētahi o ngā take kāore e mahi ana ngā rama matua ko:
kua pakaru te rama : he wāhanga e mau ana te rama, ka kino pea mēnā ka roa te whakamahinga, ka kino rānei ngā āhuatanga o te rori.
wera rawa, ara iahiko poto rānei : mā te wera rawa, ara iahiko poto rānei o te waea ka pā ki te tuku hiko, ā, ka kore e mura ngā rama o mua.
te korenga o te whakawhiti, te pana whakakotahi rānei : Ka taea hoki e te korenga o ngā rama matua te mura i te korenga o te whakawhiti, o te pana whakakotahi rānei.
te pūhiko pakaru : he take noa te pūhiko pakaru, tirohia me te whakakapi i te pūhiko ka taea te whakatau i te raruraru.
rārangi tuwhera, poto, whati rānei : ki te ngoikore, ki te kore rānei e hono te hononga, ka kore hoki te rama e kā.
te rahunga o te kaiwhakahaere hiko : Ka taea e te rahunga o te kaiwhakahaere hiko te whakararu i te hiko, ka mura ai te rama.
iti te mana o te pākahiko : Ka pāngia te mahi noa o ngā rama matua e te mana o te pākahiko iti.
mono rama upoko : tirohia tonutia mēnā he pakari te mono rama upoko, mā te whakakī i te wā tika ka taea te karo i ēnei raruraru.
Hei whakaoti i ēnei raruraru, ka taea te mahi i ēnei mahi:
Tirohia te pūahi mō te pakaru, ā, mēnā e tika ana, whakakapia ki tētahi mea hou.
Tirohia ngā waea mēnā he wera rawa, he poto rānei ngā ara iahiko, ā, whakatikahia, whakakapia rānei mēnā e tika ana.
Tirohia mēnā kei te mahi tika ngā whakawhiti me ngā pana whakakotahitanga, ā, whakatikahia, whakakapia rānei mēnā e tika ana.
Tirohia mēnā kua pakaru te fiusi, ā, whakakapia te fiusi mēnā e tika ana.
Tirohia te aho mēnā he tuwhera, he poto, he whati rānei, ā, me whakatika mēnā e tika ana.
Tirohia mēnā kei te mahi tika te kaiwhakahaere hiko, ā, whakatikahia, whakakapia rānei mēnā e tika ana.
Tirohia mēnā kua tino utua te pākahiko, ka utu, whakakapi rānei mēnā e tika ana.
Tirohia mēnā he pakari te mono o te rama o mua, ā, whakakahangia mēnā e tika ana.
Mā ēnei mahi, ka taea e koe te tātaritanga me te whakaoti rapanga o te kore e mura o ngā rama o te motuka.
Ki te hiahia koe ki te mōhio atu, pānuihia tonutia ngā tuhinga kē atu i runga i tēnei pae!
Tena waea mai ki a mātou mēnā e hiahia ana koe ki ēnei hua.
Zhuo Meng Shanghai Auto Co., Ltd.e whakapau kaha ana ki te hoko i ngā wāhanga waka MG&MAUXS.ki te hoko.
