Ko te pūwero hauhautanga waka te ngākau o te pūnaha whakamatao hauhautanga waka, ā, ko tana mahi he pēhi me te kawe i te kohu hauhautanga. E rua ngā momo pūwero: te nekehanga kore-rerekē me te nekehanga rerekē. E ai ki ngā mātāpono mahi rerekē, ka taea te wehewehe i ngā pūwero hauhautanga ki ngā pūwero nekehanga pumau me ngā pūwero nekehanga rerekē.
E ai ki ngā tikanga mahi rerekē, ka taea te wehewehe i ngā pūwero ki ngā momo hurihuri me ngā momo takahuri. Ko ngā pūwero hurihuri noa ko te momo tokotoko hononga porowhita me te momo piston tuaka, ā, ko ngā pūwero hurihuri noa ko te momo vane hurihuri me te momo panuku.
Ko te pūwero hauhautanga waka te ngākau o te pūnaha whakamatao hauhautanga waka, ā, ko tana mahi he pēhi me te kawe i te kohu hauhautanga.
Whakarōpūtanga
E rua ngā momo o ngā pūwhakakoi: te nekehanga kore-rerekē me te nekehanga taurangi.
Ko ngā pūwero hauhautanga ka wehea whānuitia ki ngā momo hurihuri me ngā momo hurihuri, e ai ki ō rātou tikanga mahi ā-roto.
Te mātāpono mahi o te whakarōpūtanga whakatika pāpāho
E ai ki ngā mātāpono mahi rerekē, ka taea te wehewehe i ngā pūwero hauhautanga ki ngā pūwero nekehanga pumau me ngā pūwero nekehanga taurangi.
Pūhiko nekehanga pumau
Ka piki ake te nekehanga o te pūwero nekehanga pumau i runga i te pikinga o te tere o te miihini. Kāore e taea te whakarerekē aunoa i te putanga hiko i runga i te hiahia whakamatao, ā, he nui te pānga ki te kai wahie o te miihini. Ko tōna mana whakahaere te nuinga o te wā ka kohia te tohu pāmahana o te putanga hau o te evaporator. Ina tae te pāmahana ki te pāmahana kua whakaritea, ka tukuna te mamau hikohiko o te pūwero, ā, ka mutu te mahi a te pūwero. Ina piki te pāmahana, ka whakamahia te mamau hikohiko, ā, ka tīmata te mahi a te pūwero. Ka whakahaerehia hoki te pūwero nekehanga pumau e te pēhanga o te pūnaha hauhautanga. Ina teitei rawa te pēhanga i roto i te paipa, ka mutu te mahi a te pūwero.
Pūwero hauhautanga nekehanga rerekē
Ka taea e te pūwero nekehanga rerekē te whakarerekē aunoa i te putanga hiko kia rite ki te pāmahana kua whakaritea. Kāore te pūnaha whakahaere hauhautanga e kohi i te tohu pāmahana o te putanga hau o te evaporator, engari e whakahaere ana i te ōwehenga kōpeketanga o te pūwero kia rite ki te tohu huringa o te pēhanga i roto i te paipa hauhautanga hei whakarerekē aunoa i te pāmahana putanga hau. I roto i te tukanga katoa o te whakamatao, kei te mahi tonu te pūwero, ā, ko te whakarerekētanga o te kaha o te whakamatao ka tino whakahaerehia e te takirere whakahaere pēhanga kua whakauruhia ki roto i te pūwero. Ina teitei rawa te pēhanga i te pito pēhanga teitei o te paipa hauhautanga, ka whakapotohia e te takirere whakahaere pēhanga te whiu piston i roto i te pūwero hei whakaiti i te ōwehenga kōpeketanga, ka whakaitihia te kaha o te whakamatao. Ina heke te pēhanga i te pito pēhanga teitei ki tētahi taumata, ā, ka piki te pēhanga i te pito pēhanga iti ki tētahi taumata, ka whakanuia e te takirere whakahaere pēhanga te whiu piston hei whakapai ake i te kaha o te whakamatao.
Te whakarōpūtanga o te momo mahi
E ai ki ngā tikanga mahi rerekē, ka taea te wehewehe i ngā pūwero ki ngā momo hurihuri me ngā momo takahuri. Ko ngā pūwero hurihuri noa ko te momo tokotoko hononga porowhita me te momo piston tuaka, ā, ko ngā pūwero hurihuri noa ko te momo vane hurihuri me te momo panuku.
Pūhiko tokotoko hononga porowhita
Ka taea te wehewehe i te tukanga mahi o tēnei pūwero kia whā, arā, te pēhi, te whakaputa, te whakawhanui, me te momi. Ina huri te porotaka, ka panaia te piston e te tokotoko hono kia hokihoki, ā, ka huri te rōrahi mahi e titoa ana e te pakitara o roto o te rango, te pane rango me te mata o runga o te piston i ia wā, ā, ka pēhi me te kawe i te hauhautanga i roto i te pūnaha whakamatao. Ko te pūwero tokotoko hono porotaka te pūwero o te whakatipuranga tuatahi. He whānui te whakamahinga, he hangarau hanga pakari, he hanganga māmā, he iti ngā whakaritenga mō ngā rauemi tukatuka me te hangarau tukatuka, ā, he iti te utu. He kaha te urutau, ka taea te urutau ki te whānuitanga o te pēhanga me ngā whakaritenga kaha whakamatao, ā, he kaha te tiaki.
Heoi anō, he kitea anō hoki ētahi ngoikoretanga o te pūwero honohono porowhita, pērā i te kore e taea te tere tere, he nui, he taumaha hoki te mīhini, ā, he uaua ki te mama. He motumotu te putanga hau, he ngāwari te rere o te hau ki te piki me te heke, ā, he nui te wiri i te wā e whakamahia ana.
Nā ngā āhuatanga o runga ake nei o ngā pūwero honohono-tōka-poro, he iti noa ngā pūwero nekehanga-iti kua tango i tēnei hanganga. I tēnei wā, ko te nuinga o ngā pūwero honohono-tōka-poro e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā pūnaha hauhautanga nekehanga-nui mō ngā motuka me ngā taraka.
Pūhiko Piston Tuai
Ka taea te kī ko ngā pūwero piston axial he pūwero o te whakatupuranga tuarua, ā, ko ngā mea noa ko ngā pūwero rocker-plate, ko ngā pūwero swash-plate rānei, koinei ngā hua matua o ngā pūwero hauhautanga motuka. Ko ngā wāhanga matua o te pūwero swash plate ko te pou matua me te pereti swash. Ka whakaritea ngā rango kia porowhita, ko te pou matua o te pūwero hei pokapū, ā, ko te ahunga nekehanga o te piston he whakarara ki te pou matua o te pūwero. Ko ngā piston o te nuinga o ngā pūwero swash plate he mea hanga hei piston upoko-rua, pērā i ngā pūwero axial 6-rango, e 3 ngā rango kei mua o te pūwero, ā, ko ētahi atu rango e 3 kei muri o te pūwero. Ka paheke ngātahi ngā piston upoko-rua i roto i ngā rango e anga ke ana. Ina pēhia e tetahi pito o te piston te kohu hauhautanga i roto i te rango o mua, ka hongihia e tetahi pito o te piston te kohu hauhautanga i roto i te rango o muri. Kei ia rango he takirere hau pēhanga teitei, pēhanga iti hoki, ā, ka whakamahia tētahi atu paipa pēhanga teitei hei hono i ngā rūma pēhanga teitei o mua me muri. Ka herea te pereti piko ki te pou matua o te pūwero, ka huihuia te taha o te pereti piko ki te awaawa i waenganui o te piston, ā, ka tautokona te awaawa piston me te taha o te pereti piko e ngā peera pōro maitai. Ina huri te pou matua, ka huri anō hoki te pereti swash, ā, ka panaia te piston e te taha o te pereti swash ki te taha tuaka. Mena ka huri kotahi te pereti swash, ka oti i ngā piston e rua o mua me muri te huringa o te pēhitanga, te whakaputanga, te whakawhānui, me te momi, he rite ki te mahi a ngā rango e rua. Mena he pūwero rango-6 tuaka, ka tohatohahia kia ōrite ngā rango e 3 me ngā piston upoko-rua e 3 ki te wāhanga o te poraka rango. Ina huri kotahi te pou matua, he rite ki te pānga o ngā rango e 6.
He māmā noa te whakaiti me te mama o te pūwero pereti swash, ā, ka taea te whakahaere tere. He hanganga kiato, he pai te mahi, ā, he pono te mahi. Whai muri i te whakatinanatanga o te mana whakahaere nekehanga rerekē, ka whakamahia whānuitia i roto i ngā hauhautanga motuka.
Pūhiko Whakatakataka
E rua ngā momo āhua rango mō ngā pūwero hurihuri: he porowhita, he porotītaha. I roto i te rango porowhita, he tawhiti kēkē te pou matua o te hurihuri mai i waenganui o te rango, kia piri tata ai te hurihuri i waenganui i ngā kōhao momi me ngā kōhao putanga hau i te mata o roto o te rango. I roto i te rango porowhita, ka ōrite te tuaka matua o te hurihuri me te pokapū o te porowhita. Ka wehea te rango e ngā mata o te hurihuri kia maha ngā wāhi. Ina hurihia te hurihuri e te pou matua kia kotahi te hurihanga, ka huri tonu te rōrahi o ēnei wāhi, ā, ka huri anō hoki te rōrahi me te pāmahana o te kohu hauhautanga i roto i ēnei wāhi. Kāore he takirere momi o ngā pūwero hurihuri nā te mea ko te mahi a ngā mata he mimiti me te pēhi i te hauhautanga. Mena e rua ngā mata, e rua ngā tukanga putanga hau i roto i te hurihanga kotahi o te pou matua. Ko te maha o ngā mata, ko te iti ake o ngā rerekētanga tukunga o te pūwero.
Hei pūwero o te whakatipuranga tuatoru, nā te mea ka taea te whakaiti i te rahinga me te taumaha o te pūwero hurihuri, he ngāwari ki te whakarite i roto i te wāhanga miihini whaiti, me ngā painga o te haruru iti me te wiri, me te pai o te rōrahi, ka whakamahia hoki i roto i ngā pūnaha hauhautanga motuka. He maha ngā tono mō te pūwero hurihuri. Heoi, he nui ngā whakaritenga mō te tika o te miihini me te utu hanga nui mō te pūwero hurihuri.
kōpeke panuku
Ka taea te kī ko ēnei pūwero he pūwero whakatupuranga tuawhā. Ko te hanganga o ngā pūwero panuku e wehea ana kia rua ngā momo: te momo hihiri me te momo pūmau, me te momo hurihanga takirua. I tēnei wā, ko te momo hihiri me te momo pūmau te mea e whakamahia whānuitia ana. Ko ōna wāhanga mahi he mea hanga nui mai i te tāine hihiri me te tāine pūmau. He tino ōrite ngā hanganga o ngā tāine hihiri me te tāine pūmau, ā, he mea hanga ēnei e rua mai i te pereti pito me te niho porowhita e toro atu ana i te pereti pito, he āhua rerekē te whakaritenga o ēnei e rua, ā, ko te rerekētanga he 180°, he tū te tāine pūmau, ā, ko te tāine neke ka hurihia kia āhua rerekē, ka whakawhitia e te porowhita crankshaft i raro i te here o tētahi tikanga ārai-hurihanga motuhake, arā, kāore he hurihanga, ko te hurihanga anake. He maha ngā painga o ngā pūwero panuku. Hei tauira, he iti te rahi o te pūwero, ā, he māmā te taumaha, ā, ka taea e te pou āhua rerekē e akiaki ana i te nekehanga o te tāine te huri i te tere tere. Nā te mea kāore he takirere momi me te takirere tuku, ka mahi pono te pūwero panuku, ā, he ngāwari ki te whakatutuki i te nekehanga tere rerekē me te hangarau nekehanga rerekē. Ka mahi tahi ngā rūma pēhi maha i te wā kotahi, he iti te rerekētanga pēhanga hau i waenga i ngā rūma pēhi tata, he iti te turuturu hau, ā, he teitei te pai o te rōrahi. Kua whānui haere te whakamahinga o ngā pēhi panuku i roto i te ao o te pouaka whakamātao iti nā te mea he pai te hanganga kiato, he pai te mahi me te penapena pūngao, he iti te wiri me te iti o te haruru, me te pono o te mahi, ā, nō reira kua noho hei tetahi o ngā huarahi matua o te whanaketanga o te hangarau pēhi.
Ngā hapa noa
He wāhanga mahi hurihuri tere-tere te pūwero hauhautanga, ā, he nui te tūponotanga ka pakaru. Ko ngā hapa noa ko te haruru rerekē, te turuturu me te kore mahi.
(1) Haruru rerekē He maha ngā take mō te haruru rerekē o te pūwero. Hei tauira, kua pakaru te mamau hikohiko o te pūwero, kua pakaru rawa rānei te roto o te pūwero, me ētahi atu, ka puta ai he haruru rerekē.
①Ko te mamau hikohiko o te pūwero he wāhi noa e puta ai te haruru rerekē. He maha ngā wā ka rere te pūwero mai i te tere iti ki te tere teitei i raro i te kawenga nui, nō reira he tino teitei ngā whakaritenga mō te mamau hikohiko, ā, ko te tūranga tāutanga o te mamau hikohiko he tata ki te whenua, ā, he maha ngā wā ka pāngia e te wai ua me te oneone. Ina pakaru te peera i roto i te mamau hikohiko, ka puta he haruru rerekē.
②Haunga te raruraru o te mamau hikohiko tonu, ko te piri o te whitiki taraiwa pūwero ka pā tika ki te roa o te ora o te mamau hikohiko. Mēnā he tino wetekina te whitiki tuku, ka ngāwari te paheke o te mamau hikohiko; ki te tino piri te whitiki tuku, ka piki ake te kawenga ki runga i te mamau hikohiko. Mēnā kāore i te tika te piri o te whitiki tuku, kāore te pūwero e mahi i te taumata māmā, ā, ka pakaru te pūwero ina taumaha. Mēnā kei te mahi te whitiki taraiwa, mēnā kāore te pūwero pūwero me te pūwero whakaputa i te papa kotahi, ka whakaitihia te roa o te ora o te whitiki taraiwa, o te pūwero rānei.
③ Ka puta hoki he haruru rerekē i roto i te pūwhakakoi ina momihia, ina katihia hoki te mamau hikohiko. Hei tauira, kāore i te rawaka te whakaputanga hiko o te whakaputa hiko, he nui rawa te pēhanga o te pūnaha hauhautanga, he nui rawa rānei te kawenga o te miihini, ka kukume tonu te mamau hikohiko ki roto.
④Me whai āputa motuhake i waenganui i te mamau hikohiko me te mata whakairinga pūwero. Mēnā he nui rawa te āputa, ka nui ake hoki te pānga. Mēnā he iti rawa te āputa, ka whakararuraru te mamau hikohiko i te mata whakairinga pūwero i te wā e mahi ana. He take noa hoki tēnei o te haruru rerekē.
⑤ Me whakahinuhinu pai te pūwero ina mahi ana. Mēnā kāore he hinu whakahinuhinu i te pūwero, kāore rānei i te whakamahia tika te hinu whakahinuhinu, ka puta he haruru nui rerekē i roto i te pūwero, ā, ka pakaru, ka pakaru hoki te pūwero.
(2) Te turuturu Ko te turuturu o te hauhautanga te raruraru tino kitea i roto i ngā pūnaha hauhautanga. Ko te wāhanga turuturu o te compressor kei te hononga o te compressor me ngā paipa pēhanga teitei me te iti, ā, he uaua ki te tirotiro i te wāhi tāutanga. He tino teitei te pēhanga o roto o te pūnaha hauhautanga, ā, ina turuturu te hauhautanga, ka ngaro te hinu compressor, ka kore ai e mahi te pūnaha hauhautanga, ka kore rānei e pai te hinu o te compressor. He takirere tiaki pēhanga kei runga i ngā compressor hauhautanga. Ko ngā takirere tiaki pēhanga ka whakamahia mō te whakamahinga kotahi. Kia tino teitei rawa te pēhanga o te pūnaha, me whakakapi te takirere tiaki pēhanga i te wā tika.
(3) Kāore e mahi ana He maha ngā take e kore ai e mahi te pūwero hauhautanga, ko te nuinga o te wā nā ngā raruraru ara iahiko e pā ana. Ka taea e koe te tirotiro tuatahi mēnā kua pakaru te pūwero mā te tuku tika i te hiko ki te mamau hikohiko o te pūwero.
Ngā whakatūpato tiaki hauhautanga
Ngā take haumaru hei mōhio māu i te wā e whakahaere ana i ngā pouaka whakamatao
(1) Kaua e pā ki te hauhautanga i roto i te wāhi kati, i te taha rānei o te mura tuwhera;
(2) Me mau ngā mōhiti tiaki;
(3) Āraia te wai whakamatao e tomo ana ki ngā kanohi, e tauhiuhi rānei ki te kiri;
(4) Kaua e tohu i te raro o te tāke hauhautanga ki te tangata, kei raro iho ētahi tāke hauhautanga he taputapu whakaputa hau ohorere;
(5) Kaua e waiho te tāke hauhautanga ki roto i te wai wera he nui ake te pāmahana i te 40°C;
(6) Ki te uru te wai whakamatao ki roto i ngā kanohi, ki te pā rānei ki te kiri, kaua e mirimiri, horoia tonutia ki te wai matao nui, ka haere tonu ki te hōhipera ki te kimi i tētahi tākuta hei rongoā ngaio, kaua hoki e ngana ki te rongoā i a koe anō.
