Rama matua.
Ko ngā rama o mua o ngā motuka he mea tito i ngā wāhanga e toru: he pūrama rama, he whakaata, me te whakaata ōrite (he whakaata astigmatism).
1. pūangi
Ko ngā pūangi e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā rama motuka he pūangi incandescent, he pūangi halogen tungsten, he rama pewa kanapa teitei hou, me ētahi atu.
(1) Pūangi mura: he mea hanga tōna miro ki te waea tungsten (he teitei te ira rewa o te tungsten, ā, he kaha te mārama). I te wā e hangaia ana, hei whakanui ake i te roa o te mahi a te pūangi, ka whakakīia te pūangi ki te hau kore mahi (te hauota me tōna ranunga o ngā hau kore mahi). Ka taea e tēnei te whakaiti i te mimiti o te waea tungsten, te whakanui ake i te pāmahana o te miro, me te whakarei ake i te pai o te mārama. He kowhai te tae o te mārama mai i te pūangi mura.
(2) Rama halide Tungsten: Ka whakauruhia te pūrama halide Tungsten ki roto i te hau kore mahi ki roto i tētahi huānga halide (pērā i te iodine, te chlorine, te fluorine, te bromine, me ētahi atu), mā te whakamahi i te kaupapa o te tauhohenga hangarua halide tungsten, arā, ko te hau tungsten e mimiti ana mai i te miro ka tauhohe ki te halogen hei whakaputa i te halide tungsten pupuhi, ka horapa ki te wāhi pāmahana teitei e tata ana ki te miro, ā, ka pirau i te wera, kia hoki ai te tungsten ki te miro. Ka haere tonu te halogen kua tukuna ki te horapa me te whai wāhi ki te tauhohenga huringa e whai ake nei, kia haere tonu ai te huringa, ā, ka ārai i te mimiti o te tungsten me te mangu o te miro. He iti te rahi o te pūrama halogen Tungsten, he mea hanga te anga o te pūrama ki te karāhe quartz me te ātete pāmahana teitei me te kaha miihini teitei, i raro i te mana kotahi, ko te kanapa o te rama halogen tungsten he 1.5 ngā wā i te rama mura, ā, ko te roa o te ora he 2 ki te 3 ngā wā.
(3) Rama pewa hou kanapa-teitei: Kāore he miro tuku iho o tēnei rama i roto i te pūangi. Engari, e rua ngā irahiko ka whakanohoia ki roto i tētahi ngongo quartz. Ka whakakīia te ngongo ki te xenon me ngā konganuku iti (ngā halide konganuku rānei), ā, ina nui te ngaohiko pewa i runga i te irahiko (5000 ~ 12000V), ka tīmata te hau ki te whakakoi me te kawe hiko. Kei roto ngā ngota hau i te āhua whakaohooho, ā, ka tīmata te tuku mārama nā te whakawhiti taumata pūngao o ngā irahiko. I muri i te 0.1 hēkona, ka mimiti te iti o te kohu mercury i waenga i ngā irahiko, ā, ka whakawhitia tonutia te pūtake hiko ki te tukunga pewa mercury, kātahi ka whakawhitia ki te rama pewa halide i muri i te pikinga o te pāmahana. I muri i te taenga o te mārama ki te pāmahana mahi noa o te pūangi, he tino iti te mana o te pupuri i te tukunga pewa (tata ki te 35w), nō reira ka taea te penapena i te 40% o te pūngao hiko.
2. whakaata
Ko te mahi a te whakaata he whakanui i te whakakotahitanga o te mārama e tukuna ana e te pūangi ki roto i tētahi hihi kaha hei whakanui ake i te tawhiti o te whitinga.
Ko te āhua o te mata o te whakaata he paraboloid hurihuri, he mea hanga i te nuinga o te wā ki te pepa maitai angiangi 0.6 ~ 0.8mm, he mea hanga rānei ki te karāhe, ki te kirihou. Ka whakakikoruatia te mata o roto ki te hiriwa, ki te konumohe, ki te chrome rānei, kātahi ka whakakanapahia; kei te pūwāhi arotahi o te whakaata te miro, ā, ko te nuinga o ōna hihi mārama ka whakaatahia, ka tukuna atu ki tawhiti hei hihi whakarara. Ka taea e te rama rama kāore he whakaata te whakamārama i te tawhiti o te 6m, ā, ko te hihi whakarara e whakaatahia ana e te whakaata ka taea te whakamārama i te tawhiti neke atu i te 100m. Whai muri i te whakaata, he iti noa te mārama marara, kāore he painga o te taha ki runga, ā, ko te mārama taha me te raro ka āwhina ki te whakamārama i te mata o te rori me te taha o te 5 ki te 10m.
3. arotahi
Ko te Pantoscope, e mōhiotia ana ko te karāhe astigmatic, he huinga o ētahi porowhita me ngā karāhe motuhake, ā, he porowhita, he tapawhā te āhua. Ko te mahi a te whakaata ōrite ko te huri i te hihi whakarara e whakaatahia ana e te whakaata, kia pai ai te māramatanga o te huarahi i mua i te motuka.
whakarōpū
He huinga o te pūangi rama, te whakaata me te whakaata ōrite te pūnaha whatu rama matua. E ai ki te hanganga rerekē o te pūnaha whatu rama matua, ka taea te wehewehe i te rama matua kia toru ngā momo: te kati-haurua, te kati me te whakaata.
1. Rama matua kua kati-haurua
Kāore e taea te wetewete i te whakaata rama-haurua-katia me te whakaata e piri tahi ana, ka taea te uta i te pūangi rama mai i te pito o muri o te whakaata, ko te painga o te rama-haurua-katia ko te miro kua wera me whakakapi noa te pūangi, ko te ngoikoretanga he hiri kore. Ka whakakotahi te rama-haurua whakakotahi i te rama tahuri o mua, te rama whānui o mua, te rama hihi teitei me te rama iti hei kotahi, ko te whakaata me te pantoscope ka hangaia hei kotahi mā te whakamahi i ngā rauemi rauropi, ā, ka taea te uta ngāwari i te pūangi mai i muri. Mā te whakakotahi i ngā rama-haurua, ka taea e ngā kaihanga motuka te hanga i tētahi momo karaihe rama e rite ana ki te tono kia pai ake ai ngā āhuatanga hauhautanga o te waka, te penapena wahie me te āhua o te waka.
2. Ngā rama matua kua kati
Ka wehea hoki ngā rama mua kua kati ki ngā rama mua paerewa me ngā rama mua kua kati ki ngā rama halogen.
Ko te pūnaha whatu o te rama matua kua oti te kati, he whakakotahi me te whakarewa i te whakaata me te whakaata ōrite kia kotahi hei hanga i te whare o te pūangi, ā, ka whakarewahia te miro ki te turanga whakaata. Ka pania te mata whakaata ki te konumohe, ā, ka whakakīia te rama ki te hau korehau me te halogen. Ko ngā painga o tēnei hanganga he pai te mahi hiri, kāore te whakaata e poke i te hau, he pai te whakaata, ā, he roa te ora. Heoi, i muri i te wera o te miro, me whakakapi te rōpū rama katoa, ā, he nui ake te utu.
3. Rama matua whakaata
Ko te pūnaha whatu o te rama matua whakaata he mea hanga nui mai i te pūrama rama, te whakaata, te whakaata whakamarumaru me te whakaata taurite pūkohu. Whakamahia he whakaata pūkohu matotoru rawa, kāore i te whakairohia, he porowhita te whakaata. Nō reira he iti rawa te whānui o waho. E rua ngā pūwāhi arotahi o ngā rama matua whakaata, ko te arotahi tuatahi ko te pūrama, ā, ko te arotahi tuarua ka hangaia ki te mārama. Arotahi te mārama mā roto i te whakaata pūkohu ka maka ki tawhiti. Ko tōna painga he pai te mahi arotahi, ā, ko tōna ara whakaata hihi ko:
(1) Ko te mārama e tukuna ana ki te pito o runga o te pūrama ka haere mā te whakaata ki te arotahi tuarua, ā, ka arotahi ki te tawhiti mā te whakaata taurite kōpikopiko.
(2) I taua wā anō, ka whakaatahia te mārama e tukuna ana ki te wāhanga o raro o te pūangi e te whakaata huna, ka whakaatahia anō ki te whakaata, kātahi ka makahia ki te arotahi tuarua, ka arotahi ki te tawhiti mā te whakaata taurite kōpikopiko.
I roto i te whakamahinga o ngā motuka, ko ngā whakaritenga mō ngā rama mua ko: kia pai te māramatanga, engari kia kore hoki e matapo te taraiwa o te motuka e haere mai ana, nō reira me aro te whakamahinga o ngā rama mua ki ēnei āhuatanga:
(1) Kia ma te pantoscope rama matua, ina koa i te wā e taraiwa ana i te ua me te hukarere, ka whakaitihia e te paru me te paru te mahi rama o te rama matua mā te 50%. Ko ētahi tauira he mea horoi rama matua me ngā rehu wai.
(2) Ina tūtaki ngā waka e rua i te pō, me whakaweto e ngā waka e rua te hihi teitei o te rama matua, ka huri ki te rama tata hei whakarite i te haumaru o te taraiwa.
(3) Hei whakarite i te mahi a te rama matua, me tirotiro, me whakatikatika hoki te hihi o te rama matua i muri i te whakakapinga o te rama matua, i muri rānei i te taraiwa o te motuka mō te 10,000 km.
(4) Tirohia tonutia te pūrama rama me te putanga hiko me te rino turanga mō te waikura me te wetekina, kia pai ai te mahi a te hononga hononga, kia pono ai hoki te rino turanga. Mēnā he wetekina te hononga, ina whakakāhia te rama matua, ka puta he ru hiko nā te whakakā-weto o te ara iahiko, ka tahuna te miro, ā, ki te waikura te hononga, ka whakaitihia te kanapa o te rama nā te pikinga o te hekenga pēhanga o te hononga.
Ki te hiahia koe ki te mōhio atu, pānuihia tonutia ngā tuhinga kē atu i runga i tēnei pae!
Tena waea mai ki a mātou mēnā e hiahia ana koe ki ēnei hua.
E whakapau kaha ana a Zhuo Meng Shanghai Auto Co., Ltd. ki te hoko i ngā wāhanga waka a MG&MAUXS. Nau mai ki te hoko.
