Te mahi a ngā pūahi mura
He wāhanga nui te puru mura o te pūnaha mura i roto i te miihini penehīni. Ka taea e ia te whakauru i te ngaohiko teitei ki roto i te ruma mura, ka peke atu i te āputa irahiko hei whakaputa i te mura, ā, ka mura te ranunga mura i roto i te rango. Ko te nuinga o te mea he nati hononga, he ārai, he tīwiri hononga, he irahiko pokapū, he irahiko taha me te whare. Ka whakapirihia ngā irahiko taha ki te whare.
Ko te paraka mura, e mōhiotia whānuitia ana ko te "pūwero ahi", he mahi ki te tuku i te hiko ngaohiko teitei e tukuna ana e te waea ngaohiko teitei (waea pūwero ahi), ka pakaru i te hau i waenga i ngā irahiko e rua o te paraka mura, ka whakaputa i te mura hiko hei whakakā i te hau whakaranu i roto i te rango. Ko ngā momo matua ko: ngā paraka mura momo-āhua, ngā paraka mura momo-tinana tapa, ngā paraka mura momo-irahiko, ngā paraka mura momo-nohoanga, ngā paraka mura momo-irahiko, ngā paraka mura momo-peke-mata, me ētahi atu.
Ka tāutahia ngā mono mura ki te taha, ki te tihi rānei o te mīhini. I ngā rā o mua, i honoa ngā mono mura ki te kaituku hiko mā roto i ngā waea rango. I roto i te tekau tau kua pahure ake nei, kua whakarerekētia te nuinga o ngā mīhini o ngā motuka iti kia hono tika te koiri mura ki te mono mura. Ko te ngaohiko mahi o te mono mura he 10,000V neke atu rānei. Ka whakaputaina te ngaohiko teitei e te koiri mura mai i te hiko 12V, kātahi ka tukuna ki te mono mura.
I raro i te pānga o te ngaohiko teitei, ka tere te whaka-ionize o te hau i waenganui i te irahiko matua me te irahiko taha o te mono mura, ka hanga he irahiko utu pai me ngā irahiko kore utu kino. Ina tae te ngaohiko i waenganui i ngā irahiko ki tētahi uara, ka piki ake te maha o ngā irahiko me ngā irahiko i roto i te hau pērā i te horonga, ka ngaro te āhuatanga ārai o te hau. Ka hangaia he awa tuku i roto i te āputa, ā, ka puta he āhuatanga "pakaru". I tēnei wā, ka hanga te hau i tētahi tinana kanapa, e kiia nei ko te "mura". I a ia e whānui ana nā te wera, ka puta hoki he tangi "pakū pakū". Ka taea e te pāmahana o tēnei mura hiko te eke ki te 2000 ki te 3000 nekehanga Celsius, he nui hei whakakā i te ranunga i roto i te rūma mura o te rango.
E ai ki te uara wera, he momo makariri, he momo wera hoki. E ai ki ngā rauemi hiko, he koranu nikara, he koranu hiriwa, he koranu konukawata, me ētahi atu. Ki te mea he tohunga ake mātou, ko ngā momo puru mura penei:
Pūhiko mura momo-āhua: He paku piko tōna papa ārai ki roto i te mata pito o te whare, ā, kei waho te hiko taha i te mata pito o te whare. Koinei te momo e whakamahia whānuitia ana.
Te taha o te mono mura e pū ake ana: He roa te taha o te parepare, ā, e pū ake ana i tua atu i te mata o te whare. He pai ōna painga o te mimiti wera nui, ā, he pai hoki te ārai i te poke. Heoi anō, ka taea te whakamatao tika mā te hau e tomo mai ana hei whakaiti i te pāmahana, ā, he iti ake te tūponotanga ka mura te ahi. Nō reira, he whānui tōna āheinga ki te urutau ki te wera.
Ngā pūahi momo-irahiko: He tino pai ngā irahiko. He kaha ngā mura, he pai te kaha mura, ā, ka taea te whakarite kia tere te tīmata me te pono o te miihini ahakoa i ngā wā makariri. He whānui te whānuitanga o te wera, ā, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā momo whakamahinga.
Paraka mura nohoanga: He āhua kōniko te hanga o tōna whare me te miro tīwiri, kia mau tonu ai te hiri pai me te kore he gasket, ā, ka whakaitihia te rōrahi o te paraka mura, ā, ka pai ake hoki mō te hoahoa o te miihini.
Ngā pūahi mura: Ko ngā irahiko taha e rua, neke atu rānei, te nuinga o te wā. Ko ō rātou painga he pono te mura, ā, kāore e hiahiatia kia whakatikatikaina pinepine te āputa. Nō reira, he maha ngā whakamahinga i roto i ētahi miihini penehīni ina he ngawari te pirau o ngā irahiko, ā, kāore e taea te whakatikatika i te āputa o te pūahi mura.
Paraka mura mata: E mōhiotia ana ko te momo āputa mata, koinei te momo paraka mura tino makariri, ā, he porowhita te āputa i waenga i te hiko waenga me te mata pito o te whare.
Ngā mono mura momo paerewa me ngā mono mura momo pūwero
Ko te paraka mura paerewa he paraka mura hiko kotahi-taha, ko te pito o te parepare ārai he iti iho i te mata miro o te whare. E whakamahi ana i te hanganga pito mura tuku iho e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā miihini takirere e mau ana ki te taha. Hei wehewehe i a ia mai i te "momo kokiri" i puta mai i muri mai, ka kiia tēnei hanganga ko te "momo paerewa".
I hangaia tuatahitia te paraka mura e pū ake ana mō ngā miihini takirere o runga. Ka pū ake tōna papa ārai i te mata miro o te anga ka toro atu ki roto i te rūma mura. Ka mimitihia e ia te nui o te wera i roto i te ranunga mura, he pāmahana mahi teitei i te tere mura, ā, ka karohia te poke. I ngā tere teitei, nā te mea kei runga te takirere, ka anga te hau e manawahia ana ki te papa o te papa ārai, ka whakamatao. Nō reira, kāore e nui te pikinga o te pāmahana mōrahi, nō reira he nui te awhe wera. Kāore e pai ngā paraka mura e pū ake ana mō ngā miihini takirere e mau ana ki te taha nā te mea he maha ngā hurihanga i roto i te ara whakauru, ā, he iti noa te pānga whakamatao o te hau ki te papa ārai.
Ngā pūahi mura kotahi-pou me ngā pūahi maha-pou
He ngoikoretanga motuhake tō te mono mura kotahi-pou tuku iho, arā, ka taupokina te hiko taha e te hiko pokapū. Ina puta he tukunga ngaohiko teitei i waenganui i ngā pou e rua, ka mimiti te hau ranunga i roto i te āputa mura i te wera o te mura, ā, ka whakahohehia nā te ionization hei hanga i te "matua mura". Ko te wāhi e hangaia ai te matua mura kei te taha tonu o te hiko taha. I tēnei wā, ka nui ake te wera ka mimitihia e te hiko taha, e mōhiotia ana ko te "pānga pehi mura" o te hiko. Ka whakaitihia te kaha mura, ka whakaitihia hoki te mahi mura.
Nō reira, i te tekau tau atu i 1920, ka puta mai ngā mono mura e toru-pou. Ki te whakatauritea ki te hiko kotahi-taha, ko te āputa mura o te hiko maha-taha he mea hanga mai i ngā wāhanga whakawhiti o ngā hiko maha-taha (kua werohia ki roto i ngā kōhao porowhita) me te mata porotaka o te hiko pokapū. Mā tēnei āputa mura e mau ana ki te taha ka whakakorea te ngoikoretanga o ngā hiko taha e kapi ana i te hiko pokapū, ka whakanui ake i te "urunga" o te mura, he nui ake te kaha mura, ā, he māmā ake te uru ki roto i te rango, ka āwhina ki te whakapai ake i te āhua mura o te ranunga me te whakaiti i ngā tukunga hau. Nā te mea he maha-taha ngā pou e whakarato ana i ngā hongere mura maha, ka roa ake te ora ratonga, ā, ka whakanuia te pono o te mura. Me tohu i konei i te wā e tukuna ana, kotahi anake te hongere ka taea te mura, ā, kāore e taea e ngā pou maha te mura i te wā kotahi. Ko te tukanga tukunga o te whakaahua tere-teitei e whakaatu ana i tēnei kōrero.
Ko ngā reta whakamutunga (ngā reta e whai ana i te uara wera) D, J, me Q i ngā tauira mura o te whare e tohu ana i ngā pou-rua, ngā pou-toru, me ngā pou-whā.
Ngā pūahi hiko matua parahi me te koranu nikara
Ko ngā whakaritenga matua mō ngā irahiko e toro atu ana ki roto i te rūma mura ko te ātete ki te mimiti (te waikura hiko me te waikura matū) me te kawe wera pai. I te whanaketanga o te pūtaiao rauemi me te hangarau tukanga, kua pāngia ngā rauemi irahiko e te tukanga whanaketanga mai i te rino, te nikara, ngā koranu e hangai ana ki te nikara, ngā rauemi hiato nikara-parahi ki ngā konganuku utu nui. Ko te koranu e whakamahia whānuitia ana i ēnei rā ko te koranu e hangai ana ki te nikara. I te nuinga o te wā, he pai ake te kawe wera o ngā konganuku parakore i ngā koranu, engari he tairongo ake ngā konganuku parakore (pērā i te nikara) ki te tauhohenga waikura matū o ngā hau mura me ngā putunga totoka e hangaia ana e rātou i ngā koranu. Nō reira, ka whakamahia e te rauemi irahiko ngā rauemi e hangai ana ki te nikara me te tāpiri i ngā huānga pēnei i te chromium, te manganese, me te silicon. Ka whakarei ake te chromium i te ātete ki te waikura hiko, ko te manganese me te silicon ka whakapai ake i te ātete ki te waikura matū, inā koa te ātete ki te waikura whanariki tino kino.
Ngā mono mura momo noa me te momo ātete
Ko te paraka mura, hei whakaputa mura, he pūtake whakararuraru irahiko hiko whānui tonu. Mai i te tekau tau atu i 1960, kua tere ake te whanaketanga o ngā paraka mura ātete ki ngā whenua o te ao hei pehi i te whakararuraru kaha o te irahiko hikohiko i puta mai i ngā mura ki te mara reo irirangi, hei tiaki i te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero reo irirangi me te ārai i ngā hapa o ngā taputapu hiko o runga. Kua whakaputahia hoki e Haina he raupapa paerewa ā-motu mō te hototahi hikohiko, e whakatakoto ana i ngā here tino kaha ki ngā āhuatanga whakararuraru reo irirangi o ngā taputapu waka e whakahaerehia ana e ngā miihini mura o te paraka mura. Nō reira, kua tino piki ake te hiahia mō ngā paraka mura ātete. Kāore he rerekētanga hanganga nui o ngā paraka mura ātete mai i te momo noa; ko te rerekētanga anake ko te hiri o te arataki i roto i te tinana whakamahana kua hurihia ki te hiri ātete.
Ki te hiahia koe ki te mōhio atu, pānuihia tonutia ngā tuhinga kē atu i runga i tēnei pae!
Tena waea mai ki a mātou mēnā e hiahia ana koe ki ēnei hua.
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