Whakamātautau o te whakawhiti whakawhiti Ko te whakawhiti whakawhiti te taputapu matua o te mita hiko utu-mua atamai. Ko te roa o te whakawhiti whakawhiti te mea e whakatau ana i te roa o te mita hiko ki tētahi taumata. He mea tino nui te mahi a te taputapu ki te whakahaere i te mita hiko utu-mua atamai. Heoi, he maha ngā kaihanga whakawhiti whakawhiti o roto me tāwāhi, he rerekē rawa te tauine whakaputa, te taumata hangarau me ngā tawhā mahi. Nō reira, me whai huinga taputapu kimi tino pai ngā kaihanga mita pūngao i te wā e whakamātautau ana me te whiriwhiri i ngā whakawhiti whakawhiti hei whakarite i te kounga o ngā mita hiko. I taua wā anō, kua whakapakarihia hoki e State Grid te kimi tauira o ngā tawhā mahi whakawhiti whakawhiti i roto i ngā mita hiko atamai, e hiahia ana hoki ki ngā taputapu kimi e rite ana hei tirotiro i te kounga o ngā mita hiko i hangaia e ngā kaihanga rerekē. Heoi anō, ehara i te mea kotahi anake te tūemi kimi a ngā taputapu kimi whakawhiti whakawhiti, kāore e taea te aunoa i te tukanga kimi, me tukatuka me te tātari ā-ringa ngā raraunga kimi, ā, he rerekē ngā matapōkere me ngā mahi hangai o ngā hua kimi. Heoi anō, he iti te whai huatanga o te kimi, ā, kāore e taea te whakamana i te haumaru [7]. I ngā tau e rua kua pahure ake nei, kua āta whakaritea e te State Grid ngā whakaritenga hangarau o ngā mita hiko, kua whakatakotohia ngā paerewa ahumahi e tika ana me ngā whakaritenga hangarau, e whakaatu ana i ētahi uauatanga hangarau mō te kimi i ngā tawhā whakawhiti, pērā i te kaha o te kawenga ki runga, ki waho hoki o te whakawhiti, te whakamātautau āhuatanga whakawhiti, me ētahi atu. Nō reira, he mea nui kia akohia he taputapu hei whakatutuki i te kimi whānui i ngā tawhā mahi whakawhiti [7]. E ai ki ngā whakaritenga o te whakamātautau tawhā mahi whakawhiti, ka taea te wehewehe i ngā tūemi whakamātautau kia rua ngā wāhanga. Ko tētahi ko ngā tūemi whakamātautau kāore he iahiko kawenga, pērā i te uara mahi, te ātete whakapā me te roa o te ora miihini. Ko te tuarua ko ngā tūemi whakamātautau iahiko kawenga, pērā i te ngaohiko whakapā, te roa o te ora hiko, te kaha taumaha. Ko ngā tūemi whakamātautau matua ka whakaurua poto penei: (1) uara mahi. Ngaohiko e hiahiatia ana mō te mahi whakawhiti. (2) Ātete whakapā. Uara ātete i waenga i ngā whakapā e rua ina kati te hiko. (3) Roa miihini. Ngā wāhanga miihini mēnā kāore he kino, te maha o ngā wā ka mahi te whakawhiti whakawhiti. (4) Ngaohiko whakapā. Ina kati te whakapā hiko, ka whakamahia he iahiko kawenga ki te ara iahiko whakapā hiko me te uara ngaohiko i waenga i ngā whakapā. (5) Te roa o te ora hiko. Ina whakamahia te ngaohiko whakatauranga ki ngā pito e rua o te koiri taraiwa o te tārai, ā, ka whakamahia te kawenga ātete whakatauranga ki roto i te koropiko whakapā, ka iti iho i te 300 ngā wā ia hāora te huringa, ā, ko te huringa mahi he 1:4, ko ngā wā mahi pono o te tārai. (6) Te kaha taumaha. Ina whakamahia te ngaohiko whakatauranga ki ngā pito e rua o te koiri taraiwa o te tārai, ā, ka whakamahia te 1.5 ngā wā o te kawenga whakatauranga ki roto i te koropiko whakapā, ka taea te whakatutuki i ngā wā mahi pono o te tārai i te auau mahi o (10±1) ngā wā/min [7]. Hei tauira, he maha ngā momo tārai, ka taea te wehewehe mā te tere o te tārai ngaohiko tāuru, te tārai iahiko, te tārai wā, te tārai, ngā tārai pēhanga, me ētahi atu, e ai ki te kaupapa mahi ka taea te wehewehe ki te tārai hikohiko, ngā tārai momo whakaawe, te tārai hiko, te tārai hiko, me ētahi atu, e ai ki te kaupapa ka taea te wehewehe ki te tārai whakahaere, te tiaki tārai, me ētahi atu. E ai ki te āhua o te taurangi tāuru ka taea te wehewehe ki te tārai me te tārai ine. [8]Ahakoa kei runga i te aroaro, i te ngaro rānei o te tāuru te hononga, kāore te hononga e mahi ina kore he tāuru, te mahi hononga ina he tāuru, pērā i te hononga waenga, te hononga whānui, te hononga wā, me ētahi atu. [8]Ko te hononga ine kei runga i te huringa o te tāuru, kei reira tonu te tāuru i te wā e mahi ana, engari ina tae te tāuru ki tētahi uara o te hononga ka mahi, pērā i te hononga iahiko, te hononga ngaohiko, te hononga wera, te hononga tere, te hononga pēhanga, te hononga taumata wai, me ētahi atu. [8]Whakawhiti hiko aukume Kauwhata hoahoa o te hanganga hononga hiko aukume Ko te nuinga o ngā hononga e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā ara iahiko whakahaere he hononga hiko aukume. Ko ngā āhuatanga o te hononga hiko aukume ko te hanganga ngāwari, te utu iti, te whakahaere watea me te tiaki, te kaha whakapā iti (i raro iho i te SA), te maha o ngā hononga me te kore he pūwāhi matua me te āwhina, kāore he taputapu tinei pewa, te rahi iti, te mahi tere me te tika, te whakahaere tairongo, te pono, me ētahi atu. He whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i te pūnaha whakahaere ngaohiko iti. Ko ngā hononga hiko aukume e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko ngā hononga iahiko, ngā hononga ngaohiko, ngā hononga waenga me ngā hononga whānui iti. [8]He rite te hanganga me te kaupapa mahi o te whakawhiti hikohiko ki te whakapā, he mea hanga nui ki te tikanga hikohiko me te whakapā. He DC me te AC ngā whakawhiti hikohiko. Ka tāpirihia he ngaohiko, he au rānei ki ngā pito e rua o te koiri hei whakaputa i te kaha hikohiko. Ina nui ake te kaha hikohiko i te kaha tauhohenga puna, ka kumea te anga kia nekehia ngā hononga tuwhera me ngā hononga kati noa. Ina heke, ina ngaro rānei te ngaohiko, te au rānei o te koiri, ka tukuna te anga, ā, ka tautuhia anō te hononga. [8]Whakawhiti wera Ko te whakawhiti wera te mea e whakamahia ana mō te tiaki i ngā taputapu hiko (te nuinga o te motuka). Ko te whakawhiti wera he momo mahi e whakamahi ana i te kaupapa whakamahana au o ngā taputapu hiko, e tata ana ki te motuka ka taea te tuku i ngā āhuatanga taumaha o ngā āhuatanga wā whakamuri, e whakamahia ana me te whakapā, e whakamahia ana mō te tiaki i te taumaha motuka kore-tukutahi-toru-wāhanga me te rahunga wāhanga o te motuka kore-tukutahi-toru-wāhanga i roto i te mahi tuturu, he maha ngā wā ka pāngia e ngā take hiko, miihini rānei pēnei i te nui o te au, te taumaha me te rahunga wāhanga). Mena kāore te nui o te au, he poto te roa, ā, kāore ngā takai e neke ake i te pikinga pāmahana e whakaaetia ana, ka whakaaetia tēnei nui o te au; Mena he nui te nui o te au-rahi, ā, ka roa te wā, ka tere ake te tawhito o te ārai o te motuka, ka tahuna hoki te motuka. Nō reira, me whakatū te taputapu tiaki motuka ki roto i te ara iahiko motuka. He maha ngā momo taputapu tiaki motuka e whakamahia whānuitia ana, ā, ko te mea tino noa ko te whakawhiti wera pereti whakarewa. Ko te whakawhiti wera momo pereti whakarewa he toru-wāhanga, e rua ngā momo me te kore tiaki pakaru wāhanga. [8]Whakawhiti wā Ka whakamahia te whakawhiti wā mō te whakahaere wā i roto i te ara iahiko whakahaere. He tino maha ōna momo, e ai ki tana kaupapa mahi ka taea te wehewehe ki te momo hikohiko, te momo whakaiti hau, te momo hiko me te momo hikohiko, e ai ki te aratau whakaroa ka taea te wehewehe ki te whakaroa whakaroa mana me te whakaroa whakaroa mana. Ka whakamahia e te whakawhiti wā whakaiti hau te kaupapa o te whakaroa hau hei whiwhi i te whakaroa wā, e titoa ana i te tikanga hikohiko, te tikanga whakaroa me te pūnaha whakapā. Ko te tikanga hikohiko he matua rino momo-E takirua e mahi tika ana, ka whakamahia e te pūnaha whakapā he pana moroiti I-X5, ā, ka whakamahia e te tikanga whakaroa te whakaroa te aukati putea hau. [8]pono1. Te awe o te taiao ki te pono o te whakawhiti: ko te wā toharite i waenga i ngā rahunga o ngā whakawhiti e mahi ana i GB me SF te mea teitei rawa, e tae ana ki te 820,00h, i te taiao NU, he 600,00h anake. [9]2. Te awe o te tohu kounga ki te pono o te whakawhiti: ina tīpakohia ngā whakawhiti tohu kounga A1, ka taea e te wā toharite i waenga i ngā rahunga te tae ki te 3660000h, ko te wā toharite i waenga i ngā rahunga o ngā whakawhiti tohu-C he 110000, me te rerekētanga o te 33 ngā wā. Ka kitea he nui te awe o te tohu kounga o ngā whakawhiti ki tā rātou mahi pono. [9]3, te awe ki te pono o te puka whakapā whakawhiti: ka pā hoki te puka whakapā whakawhiti ki tōna pono, he nui ake te pono o te momo whakawhiti i te maha o te momo whakawhiti maripi kotahi, ka heke haere te pono me te pikinga o te maha o ngā maripi i te wā kotahi, ko te wā toharite i waenga i ngā rahunga o te whakawhiti kotahi-pou kotahi-whakawhiti kotahi-whakawhiti maripi e whā-whakawhiti rua-whakawhiti he 5.5 ngā wā. [9]4. Te awe o te momo hanganga ki te pono o te whakawhiti: e 24 ngā momo hanganga whakawhiti, ā, he pānga tō ia momo ki tōna pono. [9]5. Te awe o te pāmahana ki te pono o te whakawhiti: ko te pāmahana whakahaere o te whakawhiti kei waenganui i te -25 ℃ me te 70℃. I te pikinga o te pāmahana, ka heke haere te wā toharite i waenga i ngā hapa o ngā whakawhiti. [9]6. Te awe o te tere mahi ki te pono o te whakawhiti: I te pikinga o te tere mahi o te whakawhiti, ko te wā toharite i waenga i ngā hapa ka puta he ia hekenga taupū. Nō reira, ki te hiahiatia e te ara iahiko kua hangaia kia mahi te whakawhiti i te tere tino teitei, me āta kitea te whakawhiti i te wā tiaki ara iahiko kia taea ai te whakakapi i te wā tika. [9]7. Te awe o te ōwehenga iahiko ki te pono o te whakawhiti: ko te mea e kiia nei ko te ōwehenga iahiko ko te ōwehenga o te iahiko kawenga mahi o te whakawhiti ki te iahiko kawenga kua whakatauria. He nui te pānga o te ōwehenga o ia au ki te pono o te whakawhiti hiko, inā koa ka nui ake te ōwehenga o ia au i te 0.1, ka tere te heke o te wā toharite i waenga i ngā hapa, engari ki te iti iho te ōwehenga o ia au i te 0.1, ka noho tonu te wā toharite i waenga i ngā hapa, nō reira me whiriwhiri te kawenga me te ia au teitei ake i roto i te hoahoa ara iahiko hei whakaiti i te ōwehenga o ia au. Mā tēnei, kāore e heke te pono o te whakawhiti hiko, tae atu ki te ara iahiko katoa nā te piki me te heke o te iahiko mahi.
