He aha te putanga hau o muri o te waka?
Ko te putanga hau o muri o te motuka, e mōhiotia whānuitia ana ko te putanga hau o muri, ko te putanga nohoanga o muri rānei, he taputapu whakapūhauhautanga i hangaia mō ngā pāhihi o muri i roto i te pūnaha hauhautanga o te motuka. Ko tana mahi matua he whakataurite i te pāmahana o roto, me te whakarei ake i te whakamarie o ngā pāhihi o muri.
Ehara i te pūnaha hauhautanga motuhake engari e whakamahi ana i ngā paipa hei whakawhiti i te hau matao, te hau wera rānei mai i te pūnaha hauhautanga o mua ki ngā wāhi o muri o te waka, kia pai ai te whakatika i te raruraru rerekētanga pāmahana i roto i ngā tauira tuku iho kei waenganui anake te putanga hau, ka hua ake he "mahana rawa te mua me te wera rawa o muri" he "mahana rawa te mua me te makariri rawa o muri".
Ngā mahi matua me ngā painga
Te taurite tere o te pāmahana: I ngā raumati wera, ka taea e ngā waka he putanga hau o muri te whakanui ake i te tere whakamatao o te tuara mā te 30%-50%; i ngā hotoke makariri, ka taea te whakapai ake i te pai o te whakamahana mā te 40% pea, ka whakaiti i te rerekētanga pāmahana i waenga i ngā nohoanga o mua me muri ki roto i te 2°C-3°C.
Wheako pai ake mō ngā pāhihi: He tino whai hua mō ngā whānau, mō ngā haerenga tawhiti, mō ngā āhuatanga rānei me ngā kaumātua, ngā tamariki rānei, ka ārai i te mamae mō ngā pāhihi o muri nā te wera, te makariri rānei.
Whakatikatika ngāwari: Ko te nuinga o ngā tauira e tautoko ana i te whakatikatika motuhake o te rōrahi hau, ā, ka taea hoki e ētahi tauira papai te whakatikatika i te ahunga (pēnei i te pupuhi ki te mata, ki ngā waewae rānei), ā, ka taea hoki te whakahaere motuhake i te pāmahana.
Ngā tūranga tāutanga noa
Ka taea te tāuta i ngā putanga hau o muri ki ngā tūranga rerekē, tae atu ki:
Kei muri i te papatohu waenga o te rarangi o mua: He mea noa i roto i ngā motuka whānau, ka toro atu te paipa mai i te papatohu waenga ki muri.
Pou-B, pou-C rānei: He mea noa ake i roto i ngā tauira pakihi waenga-ki-teitei, kei te pou taha i muri i te nohoanga o mua te putanga hau, me te tuku hau kua arotahihia.
I raro i te tuanui, i te papa rānei: Ko ētahi tauira e whakamahi ana i tētahi hoahoa huna, pērā i ngā whakarara tuanui, i ngā putanga papa rānei i muri i ngā nohoanga o mua, me te hau mārie ake.
Ngā momo me ngā tūtohutanga hoko
I runga i te mahi whakarite, ka taea te whakarōpū i ngā putanga hau o muri kia toru ngā momo:
Putanga whakapaipai: He anga kirihou noa iho, kāore he paipa hiko, kāore he mahi tuturu. Me whakamātau mēnā he hau kei roto i te hoko.
Putanga hau pumau: Ka whakahaerehia te nui o te hau e te pūnaha hauhautanga o mua, ā, kāore e taea te whakarite i te hau o muri, he ngāwari noa iho.
Putanga whakarerekētanga motuhake: Ka taea e ngā pāhihi o muri te whakarerekē motuhake i te rahi o te hau, ā, ka tautokohia e ētahi te whakarerekētanga ahunga hau, koia te momo e taunakihia ana e te nuinga.
Putanga whakahaere pāmahana motuhake: Whirihoranga teitei, e āhei ai te whakarite i ngā tautuhinga pāmahana motuhake (pēnei i te 23°C mō mua me te 25°C mō muri), e kitea whānuitia ana i roto i ngā tauira waitohu papai.
Taunakitanga: I te wā e whiriwhiri ana i tētahi waka, me whakarite kia rite ki ngā tauira kua rite ki te rahinga hau me te ahunga motuhake. Mena ka taea e te tahua, ka taea e te mana whakahaere pāmahana motuhake te whakarato i tētahi wheako whakamarie tino pai. Tae noa ki te tau 2025, kua eke te reiti taputapu o ngā putanga hau o muri i roto i ngā waka hou ki te 78%, kāore i te motuhake ki ngā waka papai.
Ko te putanga o muri o te motuka (e mōhiotia ana ko te putanga o te nohoanga o muri) he taputapu whakapūhauhautanga i hangaia mō ngā pāhihi o muri i roto i te pūnaha hauhautanga o te motuka. Ko tana mahi matua he whakapai ake i te tohatoha pāmahana o roto me te whakarei ake i te whakamarie o ngā pāhihi o muri.
Ehara i te pūnaha hauhautanga motuhake engari e whakamahi ana i ngā paipa hei whakawhiti i te hau matao, te hau wera rānei mai i te pūnaha hauhautanga o mua ki ngā wāhi o muri o te waka, kia pai ai te whakatika i te raruraru rerekētanga pāmahana i roto i ngā tauira tuku iho kei waenganui anake te putanga hau, ka hua ake he "mahana rawa te mua me te wera rawa o muri" he "mahana rawa te mua me te makariri rawa o muri".
Te mahi matua
Te whakataurite i te rerekētanga pāmahana i waenga i te mua me te muri, hei whakarei ake i te whakamarie
He iti te wāhi o roto, ā, ka whakarōpūtia te hau wera me te hau makariri, ka mātao te taha mua i te mea e wera ana te taha muri (i te raumati) ka mahana rānei te taha mua i te mea e mātao ana te taha muri (i te takurua). Ka taea e te putanga o muri te tuku tika i te hau makariri, te hau wera rānei kua tukatukahia ki te taha muri, ka whakaitihia te wā e pau ana kia eke te pāmahana o muri ki tētahi taumata e pai ana. E whakaatu ana ngā raraunga ka taea e ngā waka he putanga hau o muri te whakanui ake i te tere whakamatao o te taha muri mā te 30%-50% i te raumati, ā, ka whakapai ake i te pai o te whakamahana mā te 40% pea i te takurua, ka whakaitihia te rerekētanga pāmahana i waenga i ngā nohoanga o mua me muri ki roto i te 2°C-3°C.
Te whakatutuki i te whakarerekētanga o te rōrahi me te ahunga o te hau
Whakatikatika i te rōrahi hau: Ko te nuinga o ngā putanga o muri o ngā tauira he poroporo motuhake, he papa pā rānei e āhei ai ngā pāhihi o muri, te taraiwa o mua rānei, ki te whakarite i te rahi o te rōrahi hau e hiahiatia ana, kia tutuki ai ngā hiahia o ngā pāhihi me ngā āhuatanga tinana rerekē (pērā i te kaumātua me ngā tamariki e pāngia ana e te makariri).
Whakatikatika ahunga: Ka taea te whakarite i ngā mata putanga ki runga, ki raro hoki, ki maui, ki matau hoki. I te raumati, e taunakihia ana kia whakaritehia te ahunga o te hau ki te 45° ki runga i te koki, me te whakamahi i te mātāpono e totohu ana te hau makariri kia rite te whakamatao; i te takurua, me whakarite ki raro, me te aro nui ki te whakamahana i te rohe waewae. Ka tautokohia hoki e ētahi tauira papai te whakarite atamai o te ahunga o te hau, e whai ana i te tūranga o te pāhihi.
Whakamātauria ngā āhuatanga taraiwa kanorau
Haereere whānau: He mea nui rawa tēnei mō ngā whānau he kaumātua, he tamariki rānei ō rātou, nā te mea ka ārai i te tangi, i te mamae rānei i puta mai i te mamae o te pāmahana, ā, ka whakarei ake i te wheako haereere a te whānau.
Whiringa pakihi: Mō ngā tauira papai, ka taea e te hoahoa huna ataahua me ngā paipa hau wahangu te whakaatu i te ahua ngaio me te papai.
Nohoanga maha-pāhihi: I roto i ngā tauira nohoanga e rima, nohoanga e whitu rānei, ka taea e te hoahoa putanga takirua (kotahi ki ia taha) me te putanga whā rānei te tohatoha i te hau kia ōrite, kia pai ai te noho o ia pāhihi.
Ngā momo me ngā mahi o te putanga o muri
Kāore i te ōrite ngā mahi a ngā putanga hiko o muri. I runga i te whirihoranga, ka taea te whakarōpū i ēnei ki ngā kāwai e whai ake nei:
Momo hauhautanga taketake: Kotahi anake te putanga tinana, kāore he pātene whakarerekētanga motuhake, ā, ko te nui o te hau e whakahaeretia katoatia ana e te hauhautanga o mua. He noa te whai huatanga, he pai mō ngā kaipupuri waka e kore nei e whakamahi i te nohoanga o muri.
Momo whakarerekētanga hau motuhake: He porotiti, he pātene motuhake rānei kei roto, ka taea te whakarerekē i te nui o te hau o te putanga hau o muri. Koinei te whirihoranga matua o ngā motuka whānau matua o nāianei, he teitei te pāmahana, ā, ka taea te whakapai ake i te taurite pāmahana.
Momo whakahaere pāmahana motuhake: He whirihoranga teitei tēnei, e kitea whānuitia ana i roto i ngā tauira waitohu papai (pērā i a Mercedes-Benz E-Class, BMW 5 Series). Ehara i te mea ka whakarerekē noa i te nui o te hau engari ka whakatakoto motuhake hoki i te pāmahana ūnga o te hauhautanga mō te nohoanga o muri, ka tutuki ai te mahi "hauhautanga aunoa e toru-rohe" tūturu, ka taea ai e ngā pāhihi i ngā nohoanga o mua me muri te whai i ā rātou ake manakohanga.
He whakamaumahara nui
Āhuarangi kore-motuhake： He rite tonu te pūnaha āhuarangi me te pūwhakakoi o te nuinga o ngā tauira ki te rarangi o mua. Nō reira, kāore e taea te whakarite motuhake mō te pāmahana (ki te kore he tauira whakahaere pāmahana rohe-toru kounga teitei).
Āraihia ngā putanga "whakapaipai": Ko ngā putanga o muri o ētahi tauira taumata tīmatanga he anga whakapaipai kirihou anake, kāore he paipa hau, kāore he pānga. I te hoko, ka taea e koe te tahuri i te hauhautanga o te rarangi o mua me te aro ki tō ringaringa mēnā he rere te hau i mua i te putanga o muri.
Te tiaki me te tiaki： He mea pai kia horoia te mata o te putanga hau ki te paraihe ngohengohe i ia wā (pērā i ia hauwhā) kia kore ai e purua te puehu. Mēnā kāore e whakamahia ana mō te wā roa, he mea pai kia whakakāhia kotahi i te wiki kia kore ai e tupu te harore i roto i te paipa hau.
Hei whakarāpopototanga, ko te putanga o muri he "paerewa ngaro" nui hei ine i te whakamarie o te motuka. Ka whakatauhia te raruraru matua o te pāmahana o roto kāore i te ōrite, ka taea ai e ngā pāhihi katoa o te motuka te pārekareka ki tētahi wheako eke pai ake, whai whakaaro ake hoki.
Ki te hiahia koe ki te mōhio atu, pānuihia tonutia ngā tuhinga kē atu i runga i tēnei pae!
Tena waea mai ki a mātou mēnā e hiahia ana koe ki ēnei hua.
Zhuo Meng Shanghai Auto Co., Ltd. e whakapau kaha ana ki te hoko i a MG&MAXUSnau mai haere mai ngā wāhanga waka ki te hoko.
